{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:33:21Z","timestamp":1793118801476,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cancer and heart failure (HF) frequently coexist due to population aging and improved survival for both conditions. HF is a well-recognized complication of oncologic therapies and a potential association between HF and subsequent cancer incidence has been recently noticed. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to quantify cancer incidence and mortality in patients with and without HF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Databases were searched from inception to 15 February 2026. Data from observational studies and randomized trials on individuals with and without HF and reporting cancer incidence and\/or mortality during follow-up were included. The main outcome of interest was the incidence of any cancer; secondary outcomes included site-specific cancer incidence (lung, colorectal, breast, and prostate) and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer-related mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve studies comprising 8 979 195 individuals were included. HF was associated with a higher incidence of cancer [hazard ratio (HR) 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14\u20131.54], with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 99.7%). Cancer site-specific analyses showed increased incidences of lung (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.26\u20132.29), colorectal (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11\u20131.48), and breast (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04\u20131.37), but not prostate cancer. Effect estimates varied according to analytical strategy: matched HF and non-HF cohorts reported higher risk estimates than those using covariate adjustments without matching. Mortality data were sparse and heterogeneous.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HF is associated with a higher incidence of cancer, although with marked heterogeneity among studies and cancer types. Mortality and cause of death were rarely reported. The observed HF\u2013cancer association is influenced by statistical methodology, shared risk factors, differences in surveillance intensity and cancer type that confound analyses investigating possible causal biological links. More granular and harmonized studies are required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejhf\/xuag265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T11:35:46Z","timestamp":1787484946000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Heart failure and cancer: incidence and mortality patterns, a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Luigi","family":"Sanasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7413-8449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Iaconelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue , Glasgow G12 8QQ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences - CUORE, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danila","family":"Azzolina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Clinical Trial Methodology Unit, Clinical Research Center DEMeTra, Department of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University of Naples , Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Dolce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Clinical Trial Methodology Unit, Clinical Research Center DEMeTra, Department of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University of Naples , Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Cardile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Cacioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Forni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Busti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"CHRU de Nancy, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INSERM U1116 - DCAC, and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) , Nancy ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Sensini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola Riccardo","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3774-8330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"D\u2019Amario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale , Novara ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, AOU Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 , Novara ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pecorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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Gemelli IRCCS , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ospedale Infermi di Rimini , Rimini ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moustafa I","family":"Morsy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3926-4225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Maffia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico 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