{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:48:34Z","timestamp":1761709714144,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015902","name":"European Orthodontic Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the prospective pilot study was to analyze the biomarkers CD34, Pax7, Myf5, and MyoD for stimulation of satellite cells (SCs), which are responsible for functional adaptation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty-five Caucasian patients were consecutively recruited from the Maxillo-Facial-Surgery at TU Dresden. Eleven orthognathic Class III patients, 24 Class II patients, and 10 controls with Class I were involved in the study. Tissue samples from masseter muscle were taken from the patients pre-surgically (T1) and 7 months later (T2). Samples from controls were taken during the extraction of third molars in the mandible. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for relative quantification of gene expression was calculated with the delta delta cycle threshold (\u0394\u0394CT) method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results show significant differences for the marker of SC stimulation between the controls, the patient groups, males, and females. The gene expression of CD34 was post-surgically upregulated for Class III (0.35\u20130.77, standard deviation [SD] = 0.39, P &amp;lt; 0.05) in comparison with controls. For Pax7, there was a significant difference shown between the retrognathic and the prognathic group because of downregulation in Class II patients (1.64\u20130.76, SD = 0.55, P &amp;lt; 0.05). In Class III patients, there was a significant upregulation for Myf5 (0.56\u20131.05, SD = 0.52, P &amp;lt; 0.05) after surgery too.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The significant decline of Pax7 in Class II patients indicates a deficiency of stimulated SC post-surgically. The expression of CD34 and Myf5 in Class II stayed unchanged. In contrast, there was an upregulation for all Class III patients, mainly in females, shown post-surgically. This may be one reason for weak functional adaptation and relapse in Class II patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjaa029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T11:16:08Z","timestamp":1585826168000},"page":"234-240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Satellite cell capacity for functional adaptation of masseter muscle in Class II and Class III patients after orthognathic surgery\u2014a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2939-132X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Winfried","family":"Harzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Technical University of Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"Augstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Heart Diseases, Technical University of Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christin","family":"Olbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Technical University of Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Juenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Keil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Technical University of Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Weiland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021040615262384900_CIT0001","first-page":"87","article-title":"Northcroft Memorial Lecture 2005: muscling in on malocclusions: current concepts on the role of muscles in the aetiology and treatment of malocclusion","volume":"1","author":"Hunt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"2021040615262384900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2010.02.003","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis in orthodontics,and orthognathic surgery: implications for treatment prograss and relapse","volume":"16","author":"Harzer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semininar in Orthodontics"},{"key":"2021040615262384900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)80633-2","article-title":"The influence of orthognathic surgery on occlusal force in patients with vertical facial deformities","volume":"26","author":"Hunt","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,"},{"key":"2021040615262384900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-4356(97)90685-9","article-title":"Stability of bimaxillary osteotomy following surgical correction of class II skeletal deformities: a two-centre study","volume":"35","author":"Ayoub","year":"1997","journal-title":"The British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery,"},{"key":"2021040615262384900_CIT0005","first-page":"159","article-title":"Long-term stability of surgical class III treatment: a study of 5-year postsurgical results","volume":"17","author":"Busby","year":"2002","journal-title":"The International Journal of Adult Orthodontics and Orthognathic Surgery,"},{"key":"2021040615262384900_CIT0006","first-page":"599","article-title":"Chirurgie der dysgnathien","volume-title":"Mund- Kiefer- Gesichtschirurgie","author":"Hoffmeister","year":"2007","edition":"ed."},{"key":"2021040615262384900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345830620051301","article-title":"Occlusal forces in normal- and long-face children","volume":"62","author":"Proffit","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research,"},{"key":"2021040615262384900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(69)90106-7","article-title":"The treatment of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion with functional correctors","volume":"55","author":"Fr\u00e4nkel","year":"1969","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics,"},{"key":"2021040615262384900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.108.2.239","article-title":"Transition of myosin isozymes during development of human masseter muscle. 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