{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T23:42:51Z","timestamp":1778024571638,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002385","name":"Ministry of Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific Research of Iraq"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This prospective clinical cohort study investigated the potential influence of obesity on orthodontic treatment outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A prospective cohort of adolescent patients undergoing routine fixed appliance treatment were recruited into normal-weight or obese groups based upon body mass index (BMI) centile and followed up until the completion of treatment. Primary outcome was treatment duration, and secondary outcomes included treatment outcome (occlusal change measured using peer assessment rating [PAR]), appointment characteristics, and compliance measures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 45 patients mean age 14.8 (1.6) years were included in the final analysis. The normal-weight group included 23 patients with mean BMI 19.4 (2.4) kg\/m2 and the obese group 22 patients with mean BMI 30.5 (3.8) kg\/m2. There were no significant differences in baseline demographics between groups, except for BMI and pre-treatment PAR. The normal-weight group had a mean pre-treatment PAR of 25.6 (8.3) and the obese 33.3 (11.8) giving the obese group a more severe pre-treatment malocclusion (P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in treatment duration between groups (P = 0.36), but obese patients needed less time per each additional baseline PAR point compared to normal weight (P = 0.02). Obese patients also needed less appointments compared to normal-weight patients (P = 0.02). There were no significant differences between groups for appointment characteristics or compliance. Finally, obese patients were more likely to experience a great PAR reduction than normal-weight patients (relative risk = 2.6; 95% confidence interval = 1.2\u20134.2; P = 0.02).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were no significant differences in treatment duration between obese and normal-weight patients. Obesity does not appear to be a risk factor for negative orthodontic treatment outcome with fixed appliances.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjaa032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T11:10:52Z","timestamp":1586862652000},"page":"165-172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The impact of obesity on orthodontic treatment outcome in adolescents: a prospective clinical cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Hayder F","family":"Saloom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Department of Mucosal and Salivary Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, UK"},{"name":"Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roshanak","family":"Boustan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jadbinder","family":"Seehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1968-3326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spyridon N","family":"Papageorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy H","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Department of Mucosal and Salivary Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2857-0315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martyn T","family":"Cobourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021040615262339600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60460-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"384","author":"Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021040615262339600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i2156","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2156","article-title":"BMI and all cause mortality: systematic review and non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of 230 cohort studies with 3.74 million deaths among 30.3 million participants","volume":"353","author":"Aune","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2021040615262339600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12069","article-title":"Associations between obesogenic risk factors and depression among adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Hoare","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obesity Reviews"},{"key":"2021040615262339600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.2","article-title":"Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"67","author":"Luppino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021040615262339600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2016.1261053","article-title":"Overweight and obesity associated with higher depression prevalence in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Pereira-Miranda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition"},{"key":"2021040615262339600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-314608","article-title":"Is obesity associated with depression in children? 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