{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:31:40Z","timestamp":1784820700296,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the factors that affect the orthodontic treatment duration (OTD) and external apical root resorption (EARR) of maxillary impacted canines (MIC) as root\u2013cortex relationship, root shape, impaction side, and gender.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Material and method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thirty-eight patients (mean age 15.28 \u00b1 1.48 years) who had unilateral MIC and undergone orthodontic treatment were included in this study. Root\u2013cortex relationship, root\u2013cortex intersection amount, root shape, impaction side, height, alpha angle, impaction zone, and length of the MIC were evaluated on cone-beam computed tomography images at the beginning of the treatment. Final assessments were performed on ortopantograms at the end of the treatment as canine angulation and tooth length. The sample was characterized by descriptive statistics; t-tests, Mann\u2013Whitney U-test, ANOVA, and Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests were used for the comparison of EARR and OTD values between the categorical groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Root shape affected OTD, and the longest value was detected in MIC with bent root (P &amp;lt; 0.000). The presence of root\u2013cortex relationship also prolonged OTD for approximately 3 months (P = 0.006). MIC with risk factors like positive root\u2013cortex relationship and bent roots had higher EARR values than those with negative root\u2013cortex relationship and normal roots (P = 0.042, P = 0.021, respectively). EARR of the palatal MIC was also higher than the buccal MIC (P = 0.009). OTD was significantly influenced by root\u2013cortex intersection amount (P = 0.004).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The presence of root\u2013cortex relationship and abnormal root shape were risk factors for greater EARR of MIC along OTD, which was also significantly influenced by root shape and root\u2013cortex relationship.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjab002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T10:38:38Z","timestamp":1610620718000},"page":"508-515","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effects of root\u2013cortex relationship, root shape, and impaction side on treatment duration and root resorption of impacted canines"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Amuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3752-7100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nisa","family":"Gul Amuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1670-286X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taner","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021100410124177400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.110989","article-title":"Factors that relate to treatment duration for patients with palatally impacted maxillary canines","volume":"119","author":"Stewart","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2021100410124177400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.02.011","article-title":"Influence of impacted maxillary canine orthodontic traction complexity on root resorption of incisors: a retrospective longitudinal study","volume":"155","author":"Arriola-Guill\u00e9n","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2021100410124177400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.01.023","article-title":"Root resorptions associated with canine retraction treatment","volume":"152","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2021100410124177400_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70200-8","article-title":"Directions of orthodontic tooth movements associated with external apical root resorption of the maxillary central incisor","volume":"114","author":"Parker","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2021100410124177400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(96)80016-3","article-title":"Apical root resorption in orthodontically treated adults","volume":"110","author":"Baumrind","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2021100410124177400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70214-8","article-title":"Correlation between cortical plate proximity and apical root resorption","volume":"114","author":"Horiuchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2021100410124177400_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2018.066","article-title":"Evaluating the amount of tooth movement and root resorption during canine retraction with friction versus frictionless mechanics using cone beam computed tomography","volume":"6","author":"Makhlouf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"2021100410124177400_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjp165","article-title":"Root resorption before and after orthodontic treatment: a clinical study of contributory factors","volume":"32","author":"Jiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"2021100410124177400_CIT0009","first-page":"180","article-title":"Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. 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