{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T21:17:53Z","timestamp":1789075073259,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study was to analyse the soft tissue changes produced by the functional treatment of mandibular advancement in growing Class II patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The treated group consisted of 25 Caucasian patients (12 females and 13 males) with dento-skeletal Class II malocclusion treated with functional therapy (Activator). All patients were evaluated before treatment (T1; mean age, 9.9 years), at the end of functional treatment phase (T2; mean age, 11.9 years), and at a post-pubertal follow-up observation (T3; mean age, 18.5 years). The treated group was compared with a matched control group of 25 untreated subjects (13 females, 12 males) with untreated Class II division 1 malocclusion. Statistical comparisons between the two groups were performed with independent samples t-tests (P &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Significant improvements were found during the long-term interval for mandibular sulcus (9.9\u00b0) and the profile facial angle (9.8\u00b0) in the treated group. No significant effects were found in terms of lower face percentage between the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Removable functional appliances induced positive effects on the soft tissue profile in Class II growing subjects with good stability in the long-term.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjab008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T16:41:16Z","timestamp":1612370476000},"page":"37-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Soft tissue evaluation of functional therapy in growing patients with Class II malocclusion: a long-term study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5220-8338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Gazzani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of System Medicine, University of Rome \u2018Tor Vergata\u2019, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2072-460X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Florence, Italy. Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Lione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of System Medicine, University of Rome \u2018Tor Vergata\u2019, Rome, Department of Dentistry UNSBC, Tirana, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Cozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rome \u2018Tor Vergata\u2019, Department of Dentistry UNSBC, Tirana. Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Pavoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome \u2018Tor Vergata\u2019, Department of Dentistry UNSBC, Tirana, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022012519582895600_CIT0001","first-page":"177","article-title":"Components of class II malocclusion in children 8","volume":"51","author":"McNamara","year":"1981","journal-title":"The Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"2022012519582895600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568235","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2568235","article-title":"3D Comparison of mandibular response to functional appliances: balters bionator versus sander bite jumping","volume":"2018","author":"Gazzani","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"2022012519582895600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.2319\/052912-450.1","article-title":"Long-term skeletal and dental effects and treatment timing for functional appliances in Class II malocclusion","volume":"83","author":"Franchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"2022012519582895600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(85)90233-7","article-title":"Skeletal and dental changes following functional regulator therapy on class II patients","volume":"88","author":"McNamara","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"2022012519582895600_CIT0005","first-page":"191","article-title":"Extrait de technique du Bionator","volume":"11","author":"Balters","year":"1964","journal-title":"Revue Francaise de Odontostomatologie"},{"key":"2022012519582895600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-016-0041-5","article-title":"Thin-plate spline analysis of mandibular shape changes induced by functional appliances in Class II malocclusion: a long-term evaluation","volume":"77","author":"Franchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2022012519582895600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(97)80021-2","article-title":"The effect of early intervention on skeletal pattern in Class II malocclusion: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"111","author":"Tulloch","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2022012519582895600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(03)00352-4","article-title":"Effectiveness of early orthodontic treatment with the Twin-block appliance: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. 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