{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:52:13Z","timestamp":1791841933528,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Families often use co-sleeping to mitigate potential physiological and emotional effects on infants. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the early termination of co-sleeping is associated with high levels of anxiety, non-nutritive sucking habits for self-comfort, and increased malocclusion.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was performed on the parents of 215 children [aged 2\u20135 years (3.94 \u00b1 0.89)], who were divided according to the duration of co-sleeping (\u22646 months or &amp;gt;6 months). The parents completed a questionnaire about co-sleeping, sucking, breastfeeding habits, and anxiety. Finally, a clinical examination was carried out to diagnose malocclusion according to the World Health Organization (WHO) index, and the aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-AC) was recorded.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children that co-slept for 6 months or less had an increased incidence of pacifier use (P &amp;lt; 0.05), finger sucking (P &amp;lt; 0.01), and atypical swallowing (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Lower anxiety levels were found in the group with a longer duration of co-sleeping (P &amp;lt; 0.01). In the assessment of malocclusions, the group that co-slept for \u22646 months had higher IOTN scores (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and WHO indices (P &amp;lt; 0.05); in addition, there were differences in anterior open bite (P &amp;lt; 0.05), posterior crossbite (P &amp;lt; 0.01), skeletal Class II (P &amp;lt; 0.01), canine Class II (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and overjet (P &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A co-sleeping duration of &amp;gt;6 months appears to be a protective factor associated with less anxiety, fewer negative sucking habits, and a decreased incidence of malocclusions in co-sleeping children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjab032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T04:24:46Z","timestamp":1620361486000},"page":"110-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The impact of co-sleeping less than 6 months on children\u2019s anxiety, oral habits, and malocclusion in a Spanish sample between 2 and 5 years old: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Carrillo-D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorc\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Raquel","family":"Ortega-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department, Ja\u00e9n University, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8332-1085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Ruiz-Guill\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorc\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Romero-Maroto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorc\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Orthodontic Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Olmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorc\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Orthodontic Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0001","first-page":"553","article-title":"Sleep deprivation: impact on cognitive performance","volume":"3","author":"Alhola","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S134864","article-title":"Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption","volume":"9","author":"Medic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature and Science of Sleep,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-014-1557-1","article-title":"Reasons for mother\u2013infant bed-sharing: a systematic narrative synthesis of the literature and implications for future research","volume":"19","author":"Ward","year":"2015","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2018.10.005","article-title":"Infant co-sleeping patterns and maternal sleep quality among Hadza hunter-gatherers","volume":"4","author":"Crittenden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Health,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/h0100514","article-title":"The benefits of attachment parenting for infants and children: a behavioral developmental view","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behavioral Development Bulletin"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2019.101385","article-title":"Co-sleeping as a proximal context for infant development: the importance of physical touch","volume":"57","author":"Barry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infant Behavior & Development,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.01.005","article-title":"Maternal breastfeeding, parafunctional oral habits and malocclusion in adolescents: a multivariate analysis","volume":"76","author":"Thomaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572011000200013","article-title":"Breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking patterns related to the prevalence of anterior open bite in primary dentition","volume":"19","author":"Romero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Oral Science,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2012.742057","article-title":"Cortisol regulation in 12-month-old human infants: associations with the infants\u2019 early history of breastfeeding and co-sleeping","volume":"16","author":"Beijers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands),"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2020.101426","article-title":"Experimental manipulation of maternal proximity during short sequences of sleep and infant calming response","volume":"59","author":"Raghunath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infant Behavior & Development,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2016.0213","article-title":"Associations between postpartum depression, breastfeeding, and oxytocin levels in Latina mothers","volume":"12","author":"Lara-Cinisomo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breastfeeding Medicine,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-018-2769-0","article-title":"Psychological effects of breastfeeding on children and mothers","volume":"61","author":"Krol","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh-2014-0045","article-title":"Prolonged rooming-in in infancy is associated with generalized anxiety disorder in the adolescent period","volume":"27","author":"Kaymaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0610-7","article-title":"The association between nutritive, non-nutritive sucking habits and primary dental occlusion","volume":"18","author":"Ling","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2015.1048451","article-title":"Pacifier use, finger sucking, and infant sleep","volume":"14","author":"Butler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behavioral Sleep Medicine,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334417725033","article-title":"Pacifiers and exclusive breastfeeding: does risk for postpartum depression modify the association?","volume":"33","author":"Sipsma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Human Lactation,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-015-0113-x","article-title":"Exploring the association between feeding habits, non-nutritive sucking habits, and malocclusions in the deciduous dentition","volume":"16","author":"Lopes-Freire","year":"2015","journal-title":"Progress in Orthodontics,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.06.011","article-title":"Association between breastfeeding duration and mandibular retrusion: a cross-sectional study of children in the mixed dentition","volume":"130","author":"Luz","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx207","article-title":"Mother-infant sleep patterns and parental functioning of room-sharing and solitary-sleeping families: a longitudinal study from 3 to 18 months","volume":"41","author":"Volkovich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/1367493510397623","article-title":"Behavioural treatments to encoyrage solo sleeping in pre-school children; an alternative to controlled crying","volume":"15","author":"Blunden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Child Health Care"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.07.008","article-title":"Bed- and room-sharing in Chinese school-aged children: prevalence and association with sleep behaviors","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-017-0387-1","article-title":"Co-sleeping among school-aged anxious and non-anxious children: associations with sleep variability and timing","volume":"46","author":"Palmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0023","volume-title":"Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children","author":"Spielberger","year":"1973"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0101","article-title":"Pacifier use modifies the association between breastfeeding and malocclusion: a cross-sectional study","volume":"32","author":"Costa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brazilian Oral Research,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1590\/S2176-94512010000200010","article-title":"Breastfeeding, deleterious oral habits and malocclusion in 5-year-old children in S\u00e3o Pedro, SP, Brazil","volume":"15","author":"Rochelle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ejo.a035999","article-title":"The development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority","volume":"11","author":"Brook","year":"1989","journal-title":"European Journal of Orthodontics,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03295-4","article-title":"Influence of a programme for prevention of early childhood caries on early orthodontic treatment needs","volume":"24","author":"Wagner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Oral Investigations,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-015-0364-1","article-title":"Effects of breast-feeding duration, bottle-feeding duration and non-nutritive sucking habits on the occlusal characteristics of primary dentition","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pediatrics,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.12968\/denu.2013.40.2.92","article-title":"Pacifiers: a review of risks vs benefits","volume":"40","author":"Gederi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dental Update,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0030","first-page":"67","article-title":"Relationship between breastfeeding, bottle-feeding and development of malocclusion","volume":"15","author":"Narbutyt\u0117","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stomatologija,"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-015-0010-1","article-title":"Association of breastfeeding and three-dimensional dental arch relationships in primary dentition","volume":"15","author":"Sum","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"2022012519581951700_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107BOR-2016.vol30.0022","article-title":"Breastfeeding, bottle feeding and risk of malocclusion in mixed and permanent dentitions: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Abreu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brazilian Oral Research"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejo\/article-pdf\/44\/1\/110\/42097562\/cjab032.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejo\/article-pdf\/44\/1\/110\/42097562\/cjab032.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T19:58:47Z","timestamp":1643140727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejo\/article\/44\/1\/110\/6293736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjab032","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-5387","1460-2210"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-5387","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2210","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]]}}}