{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T03:05:52Z","timestamp":1789095952662,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Aaltonen Foundation"},{"name":"The Finnish Dental Society Apollonia and the Finnish Dental Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This prospective, population-based cohort study aimed to investigate the development of facial asymmetry up to 6 years of age using a three-dimensional (3D) soft tissue imaging method in a normal population. In addition, the study sought to identify potential predisposing factors to facial asymmetry.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 102 newborns were enrolled in the study at birth. 3D stereophotogrammetric images of the head and face were analysed at the ages of 12 months (T1), 3 years (T2), and 6 years (T3). The surface-based analysis involved the calculation of the average distance (mm) and the symmetry percentage (%) between the original and mirrored surfaces. For landmark-based analysis, the distance of facial landmarks to the facial midline was examined.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The final analysis included 70 (68.6%) subjects. Surface-based analysis showed a significant improvement of facial symmetry from T1 to T3 in all facial areas. Landmark-based analysis showed that upper facial landmarks were located, on average, slightly on the left and lower facial landmarks slightly on the right in relation to the facial midline (P &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The size of the study population was limited. Facial posture may affect the reliability of the results, especially in younger children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Facial asymmetry is detectable in early childhood and tends to reduce with age in young children. The lower face deviates slightly to the right, and the upper face to the left in relation to the facial midline. Possible predisposing factors for facial asymmetry at the age of 6 years include deformational plagiocephaly, sleeping position, and previous facial asymmetry.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjad012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T16:17:55Z","timestamp":1681143475000},"page":"396-407","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A longitudinal study of facial asymmetry in a normal birth cohort up to 6 years of age and the predisposing factors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6457-3463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anniina M","family":"Launonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland"},{"name":"Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu , Oulu , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Vuollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland"},{"name":"Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu , Oulu , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri","family":"Aarnivala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland"},{"name":"PEDEGO Research Group , Oulu , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuomo","family":"Heikkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland"},{"name":"Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu , Oulu , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pertti","family":"Pirttiniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland"},{"name":"Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu , Oulu , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Marita","family":"Valkama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu , Oulu , Finland"},{"name":"Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland"},{"name":"PEDEGO Research Group , Oulu , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virpi","family":"Harila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland"},{"name":"Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu , Oulu , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00659","article-title":"associations between genetic data and quantitative assessment of normal facial asymmetry","volume":"9","author":"Rolfe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Genetics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0002","first-page":"89","article-title":"Dental and facial asymmetries: a review","volume":"64","author":"Bishara","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0003","first-page":"341","article-title":"Facial asymmetry: etiology, evaluation, and management","volume":"34","author":"Cheong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chang Gung Medical Journal"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.20.6.110-125.sar","article-title":"Facial asymmetry: a current review","volume":"20","author":"Thiesen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/000163598428284","article-title":"Normal and increased functional asymmetries in the craniofacial area","volume":"56","author":"Pirttiniemi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Odontologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12230","article-title":"3D follow-up study of facial asymmetry after developmental dysplasia of the hip","volume":"21","author":"Launonen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy050","article-title":"Relations of laterality and chewing sidedness in twins","volume":"41","author":"Pihlaja","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2021.1985166","article-title":"Facial asymmetry and chewing sides in twins","volume":"80","author":"Heikkinen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Odontologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/22.3-4.324","article-title":"On the asymmetry of the human skull","volume":"22","author":"Woo","year":"1931","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3109\/00016359209012768","article-title":"Relation of glenoid fossa morphology to mandibulofacial asymmetry, studied in dry human lapp skulls","volume":"50","author":"Pirttiniemi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Odontologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0011","first-page":"214","article-title":"Indices of craniofacial asymmetry","volume":"51","author":"Chebib","year":"1981","journal-title":"The Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0012","first-page":"125","article-title":"Asymmetry of the human facial skeleton","volume":"45","author":"Vig","year":"1975","journal-title":"The Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0013","first-page":"141","article-title":"An assessment of asymmetry in the normal craniofacial complex","volume":"48","author":"Shah","year":"1978","journal-title":"The Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)80329-4","article-title":"A cephalometric study of mandibular asymmetry in a longitudinally followed sample of growing children","volume":"101","author":"Melnik","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.07.032","article-title":"A longitudinal study of normal asymmetric mandibular growth and its relationship to skeletal maturation","volume":"132","author":"Duthie","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-014-0026-0","article-title":"Quantification of skeletal asymmetries in normal adolescents: cone-beam computed tomography analysis","volume":"15","author":"Sanders","year":"2014","journal-title":"Progress in Orthodontics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2013.06.002","article-title":"Clinical recommendations regarding use of cone beam computed tomography in orthodontic treatment. Position statement by the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology","volume":"116","author":"American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2012.01550.x","article-title":"Assessment of facial asymmetry in growing subjects with a three-dimensional laser scanning system","volume":"15","author":"Primozic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr006","article-title":"Three-dimensional longitudinal assessment of facial symmetry in adolescents","volume":"35","author":"Djordjevic","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010070","article-title":"Craniofacial asymmetry from one to three years of age: a prospective cohort study with 3D imaging","volume":"9","author":"Launonen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.01.037","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of facial morphology surface changes in untreated children from 12 to 14 years of age","volume":"134","author":"Kau","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12133","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912133","article-title":"Craniofacial growth and asymmetry in newborns: a longitudinal 3D assessment","volume":"19","author":"Lo","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-015-2520-x","article-title":"Preventing deformational plagiocephaly through parent guidance: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"174","author":"Aarnivala","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-016-2773-z","article-title":"The course of positional cranial deformation from 3 to 12 months of age and associated risk factors: a follow-up with 3D imaging","volume":"175","author":"Aarnivala","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.05.014","article-title":"Accuracy of measurements used to quantify cranial asymmetry in deformational plagiocephaly","volume":"45","author":"Aarnivala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.06.037","article-title":"Reliability of measuring facial morphology with a 3-dimensional laser scanning system","volume":"128","author":"Kau","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0027","first-page":"76","article-title":"Occlusion in the primary dentition. Study of children at 2 and one-half to 3 years of age","volume":"126","author":"Foster","year":"1969","journal-title":"British Dental Journal"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356408993963","article-title":"A Method for epidemiological registration of malocclusion","volume":"22","author":"Bj\u00f6rk","year":"1964","journal-title":"Acta Odontologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0029","first-page":"70","article-title":"Facial asymmetry in healthy North American Caucasians. An anthropometrical study","volume":"51","author":"Farkas","year":"1981","journal-title":"The Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2008.01435.x","article-title":"Reproducibility of facial soft tissue landmarks on 3D laser-scanned facial images","volume":"12","author":"Toma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0031","first-page":"126","volume-title":"Averaging Facial Images. In: Three-Dimensional Imaging for Orthodontics and Maxillofacial Surgery","author":"Zhurov","year":"2010"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2319\/041012-299.1","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry in association with unilateral functional crossbite in the primary, early, and late mixed dentition phases","volume":"83","author":"Primozic","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr091","article-title":"Three-dimensional quantification of facial symmetry in adolescents using laser surface scanning","volume":"36","author":"Djordjevic","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e408","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2012","article-title":"Risk factors for deformational plagiocephaly at birth and at 7 weeks of age: a prospective cohort study","volume":"119","author":"Van Vlimmeren","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350510019928","article-title":"Mandibular asymmetry in healthy children","volume":"63","author":"Liukkonen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Odontologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(81)90096-8","article-title":"Asymmetries for hemiface size and mobility","volume":"19","author":"Koff","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(85)80023-X","article-title":"Development of hemiface size asymmetry","volume":"21","author":"Koff","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.2319\/022107-85.1","article-title":"Asymmetry of the face in orthodontic patients","volume":"78","author":"Haraguchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181f95cd8","article-title":"Analysis of differences in the cranial base and facial skeleton of patients with lambdoid synostosis and deformational plagiocephaly","volume":"127","author":"Smartt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.7181\/acfs.2014.15.3.109","article-title":"Analysis of facial asymmetry in deformational plagiocephaly using three-dimensional computed tomographic review","volume":"15","author":"Moon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1597\/04-174.1","article-title":"Three-dimensional computed tomography cephalometry of plagiocephaly: asymmetry and shape analysis","volume":"43","author":"Netherway","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1996_033_0418_mdiusa_2.3.co_2","article-title":"Mandibular dysmorphology in unicoronal synostosis and plagiocephaly without synostosis","volume":"33","author":"Kane","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.89.6.1120","article-title":"Task Force on Infant Positioning and SIDS: Positioning and SIDS","volume":"89","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics AAP","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000554","article-title":"Factors contributing to facial asymmetry in identical twins","volume":"134","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182959e30","article-title":"Is craniofacial asymmetry progressive in untreated congenital muscular torticollis","volume":"132","author":"Seo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200003000-00001","article-title":"Congenital muscular torticollis and the associated craniofacial changes","volume":"105","author":"Hollier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.124123","article-title":"Torticollis, facial asymmetry and plagiocephaly in normal newborns","volume":"93","author":"Stellwagen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjp041","article-title":"Early crossbite correction: a three-dimensional evaluation","volume":"31","author":"Primo\u017ei\u010d","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.029728","article-title":"Breast feeding, bottle feeding, and non-nutritive sucking; effects on occlusion in deciduous dentition","volume":"89","author":"Viggiano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70034-6","article-title":"The effect of sucking habits, cohort, sex, intercanine arch widths, and breast or bottle feeding on posterior crossbite in Norwegian and Swedish 3-year-old children","volume":"106","author":"\u00d8gaard","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2002.121445","article-title":"Duration of nutritive and nonnutritive sucking behaviors and their effects on the dental arches in the primary dentition","volume":"121","author":"Warren","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.2319\/102715-723.1","article-title":"Early risk factors for posterior crossbite and anterior open bite in the primary dentition","volume":"86","author":"Germa","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.11.033","article-title":"Changes in the prevalence of nonnutritive sucking patterns in the first 8 years of life","volume":"130","author":"Bishara","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjt069","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of facial asymmetry among pre-pubertal class III subjects: a controlled study","volume":"36","author":"Ovsenik","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2022.06.022","article-title":"Evaluation of facial soft tissue asymmetric changes in Class III patients after orthognathic surgery using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry","volume":"52","author":"Nike","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"key":"2023073113444061500_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.08.029","article-title":"Assessing soft-tissue characteristics of facial asymmetry with photographs","volume":"138","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics Dentofacial Orthopedics"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejo\/article-pdf\/45\/4\/396\/51011026\/cjad012.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejo\/article-pdf\/45\/4\/396\/51011026\/cjad012.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T13:45:52Z","timestamp":1690811152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejo\/article\/45\/4\/396\/7111788"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjad012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-5387","1460-2210"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-5387","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2210","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]}}}