{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T16:47:54Z","timestamp":1772815674702,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Orthodontic space closure of extraction sites can be initiated early, within 1-week post-extraction, or it can be delayed for a month or more.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of early versus delayed initiation of space closure after tooth extraction on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Search methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Unrestricted search of 10 electronic databases was conducted until September 2022.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Selection criteria<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the initiation time of space closure of extraction sites in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were included.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data collection and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data items were extracted using a pre-piloted extraction form. The Cochrane\u2019s risk of bias tool (ROB 2.0) and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach were used for quality assessment. Meta-analysis was undertaken if there are at least two trials reporting the same outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eleven RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed that early canine retraction resulted in a statistically significant higher rate of maxillary canine retraction when compared to delayed canine retraction [mean difference (MD); 0.17 mm\/month, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.28, P\u2005=\u20050.003, 4 RCTs, moderate quality]. Duration of space closure was shorter in the early space closure group, but not statistically significant (MD; 1.11 months, 95% CI: \u22120.27 to 2.49, P\u2005=\u20050.11, 2 RCTs, low quality). The incidence of gingival invaginations was not statistically different between early and delayed space closure groups (Odds ratio; 0.79, 95% CI: 0.27 to 2.29, 2 RCTs, P\u2005=\u20050.66, very low quality). Qualitative synthesis found no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding anchorage loss, root resorption, tooth tipping, and alveolar bone height.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Based on the available evidence, early traction within the first week after tooth extraction has a minimal clinically significant effect on the rate of tooth movement compared to delayed traction. Further high-quality RCTs with standardized time points and measurement methods are still needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PROSPERO (CRD42022346026).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjad015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T05:43:56Z","timestamp":1684475036000},"page":"680-689","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The effect of early versus delayed space closure on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6398-8920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baraa","family":"Daraqel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education , Chongqing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2129-8497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samer","family":"Mheissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DDS, Syrian Board in Orthodontics, Specialist Orthodontist, Private Practice , Damascus , Syria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiahua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education , Chongqing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3100-2677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haris","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMH Institute of Dentistry Lahore, National University of Medical Sciences , Punjab , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawkat","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice , Worpswede , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3483-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leilei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education , Chongqing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023113008173187800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.09.020","article-title":"How long does treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances last? 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