{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T07:12:02Z","timestamp":1775545922720,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17K17325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K17325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24792284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24792284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Masticatory activity affects the morphology of the maxillo-mandibular complex, however, its influence on the cranial base remains to be elucidated. The recent integration of quantitative morphometric analysis with 3D imaging enabled a comprehensive and high-resolution morphological characterization of the craniofacial complex. We aimed to investigate the influence of masticatory activity on the morphology of the growing cranial base by three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric approach using micro-CT.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The micro-CT data was reanalyzed to illustrate the 3D shape of the cranial base, and wireframe models were generated by connecting landmarks on the images. In the original study, mice were fed a soft diet (SD) of powdered pellets or a conventional hard diet (HD) for 6 weeks from 3 to 9 weeks of age, immediately after weaning. A principal component (PC) analysis analyzed shape variations and assessed their significance, while canonical variate (CV) analysis facilitated the comparison and differentiation of groups based on shape, unveiling meaningful shape distinctions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Three PCs were extracted that significantly separated the SD and HD groups among those explaining variations in shape. These PCs were related to the length of the sphenoid bone, the width of the anterior part of the sphenoid bone, and the length of the cranial base. Furthermore, one CV effectively distinguished SD from HD, and CV analysis showed that the sphenoid was shortened in the length and narrowed at the border of the temporal bone in SD mice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Masticatory loading affects the skeletal development of the cranial base. The morphology of the sphenoid bone was affected in both the sagittal and transverse axes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjad058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T21:07:03Z","timestamp":1697576823000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Three-dimensional changes in the cranial base associated with soft-diet feeding"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7072-849X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuka","family":"Murata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University , 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3390-2900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chihiro","family":"Tanikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University , 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University , 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Inubushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University , 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kana","family":"Kono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University , Okayama 700-8558 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kamioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University , Okayama 700-8558 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4419-9643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Yamashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University , 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024011114311052900_CIT0001","first-page":"498","article-title":"Growth of the human cranial base","volume-title":"Am J Orthod","author":"Ford","year":"1958"},{"key":"2024011114311052900_CIT0002","first-page":"319","article-title":"The cranial base","volume-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol","author":"Scott","year":"1958"},{"key":"2024011114311052900_CIT0003","first-page":"250","article-title":"The cranial base as an aetiological factor in malocclusion","volume-title":"Angle Orthod","author":"Hopkin","year":"1968"},{"key":"2024011114311052900_CIT0004","first-page":"1173","article-title":"The spheno-occipital synchondrosis fuses prematurely in patients with Crouzon syndrome and midface hypoplasia compared with age- and gender-matched controls","volume-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg: Official J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg","author":"Tahiri","year":"2014"},{"key":"2024011114311052900_CIT0005","first-page":"127","article-title":"Cranial base in craniofacial development: developmental features, influence on facial growth, anomaly, and molecular basis","volume-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","author":"Nie","year":"2005"},{"key":"2024011114311052900_CIT0006","first-page":"2342","article-title":"Quantitative genetics of geometric shape in the mouse mandible","volume-title":"Evolution","author":"Klingenberg","year":"2001"},{"key":"2024011114311052900_CIT0007","first-page":"48","article-title":"Effects of gum chewing exercise on maximum bite force according to facial morphology","volume-title":"Clin Exp Dent Res","author":"Shirai","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024011114311052900_CIT0008","first-page":"273","article-title":"The relationship between masticatory function and craniofacial morphology. 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