{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T11:14:16Z","timestamp":1787483656206,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aims to identify the presence, timing, and magnitude of a prepubertal mandibular growth spurt in a Class I and Class II population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From the Burlington and Iowa Growth study of the AAOF Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection, 83 Class I subjects (37 females and 46 males) and 32 Class II subjects (18 males and 14 females) were identified, as having at least seven consecutive annual lateral cephalograms taken from 5 to 11 years of age. Only subjects with a normodivergent facial pattern were considered. A customized cephalometric analysis was performed, and total mandibular length, defined as the distance between Condylion (Co) and Gnathion (Gn), was calculated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, a significant early peak of mandibular growth was present in all the subjects analysed both in Class I (4.69\u00a0mm for males and 4.18\u00a0mm for females; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.05) and in Class II (5.85\u00a0mm for males and 4.05\u00a0mm for females; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.05). No differences between males and females were found for the timing of this peak (7 years for Class I and Class II females and 7 years for Class I and 6.5 years for Class II males). In males, a significantly larger peak was observed in Class II than Class I subjects (P\u2005=\u2005.007).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The main limitations of this study were the impossibility of using a suitable growth indicator to identify the timing of the early mandibular growth peak and the limited Class II records retrievable.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This investigation suggests that a prepubertal mandibular growth peak is consistently present in both Class I and Class II males and females of clinically significant magnitude. Despite that, chronological age confirms to be unsuitable to identify this peak.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjae014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T09:41:53Z","timestamp":1710927713000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of mandibular growth in a prepubertal Class I and Class II population: a longitudinal analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1942-1409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Pozzan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5880-4288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice , Vicenza ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Ulian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice , Trieste ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Checchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Di Lenarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Contardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025071505425595700_CIT0001","first-page":"13","article-title":"Mechanisms of craniofacial growth and modus operandi of functional appliances: a cell-level and cybernetic approach to orthodontic decision making","volume-title":"Craniofacial growth theory and orthodontic treatment: craniofacial growth series","author":"Petrovic","year":"1990"},{"key":"2025071505425595700_CIT0002","first-page":"143","article-title":"Treatment with an orthopedic appliance system in relation to treatment intensity and growth periods. 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