{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T23:29:48Z","timestamp":1783034988223,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to characterize a craniofacial skeletal phenotype (CSP) of adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients from a multidimensional perspective, exploring the impact of transverse skeletal discrepancy (TSD) on multivariable polysomnographic profiles.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 102 adult OSA patients. Sagittal, vertical, and transverse skeletal patterns were categorized on the cone beam computed tomography images. The CSP of OSA patients, characterized by a Class II hyperdivergent pattern, was divided into CSP2D and CSP3D subgroups according to the presence of TSD, and compared with the non-CSP of OSA patients. Both nasal and pharyngeal airway variables were involved for assessment, and 12 polysomnographic variables with a sleepiness symptom variable were used for phenotype-based inter-group comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The CSP patients revealed greater disease severity than the non-CSP patients (indicated by eight polysomnographic variables), despite being younger (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.05) and less obese (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.01). The CSP3D patients with TSD exhibited more severe OSA than the age- and BMI-matched CSP2D patients without TSD, as indicated by nine polysomnographic variables, in relation to smaller nasal airway volume, smaller pharyngeal minimum cross-sectional area, and longer pharyngeal airway length (all P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.05). The probability of multiperspective characteristics among three phenotypes was significantly contrasted in 19 variables.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From a multidimensional perspective, the CSP patients showed greater OSA severity with more vulnerable nasal and pharyngeal airways than non-CSP patients, despite being younger and less obese. Specifically, the CSP3D patients revealed far more severe OSA than the CSP2D patients, indicating the significance of TSD on the polysomnographic profiles.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjae041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T09:23:31Z","timestamp":1738056211000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multidimensional characterization of craniofacial skeletal phenotype of obstructive sleep apnea in adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Jae-Yon","family":"Roh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Student, Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02453 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurdana","family":"Darkhanbayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Student, Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02453 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Kyu","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02453 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-A","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02453 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02453 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025012809235339800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239016","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1239016","article-title":"Translation of obstructive sleep apnea pathophysiology and phenotypes to personalized treatment: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"McNicholas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2025012809235339800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201901-0014TR","article-title":"More than the sum of the respiratory events: personalized medicine approaches for obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"200","author":"Edwards","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025012809235339800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201303-0448OC","article-title":"Defining phenotypic causes of obstructive sleep apnea. 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