{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:38:14Z","timestamp":1783125494955,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Society of Dentistry and Oral Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the post-treatment (Tx) changes (\u2265\u200515 years) in adult Class II patients treated with Herbst appliance and subsequently a multibracket appliance (MBA).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 51 potential patients 31 could be located and participated (19 II:1 and 12 II:2). At a mean age of 21.8\u2005\u00b1\u20057.3 years (T0), Herbst-MBA Tx had been started. The mean post-Tx observation period was 19.8\u2005\u00b1\u20053.6 years. Study models from before and after Tx (T1, mean age: 23.6\u2005\u00b1\u20057.4 years), after 3.0\u2005\u00b1\u20052.8 years of retention (T2, mean age: 26.8\u2005\u00b1\u20058.3 years) as well as after recall (T3, mean age: 43.4\u2005\u00b1\u20057.5 years) were evaluated using the PAR index as well as standard occlusal variables.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pre-Tx, the mean values of the 31 participants were: PAR score\u2005=\u200526.1\u2005\u00b1\u20059.6 points, Class II molar relationship (MR)\u2005=\u20050.7\u2005\u00b1\u20050.2 cusp widths (CW), overjet\u2005=\u20056.9\u2005\u00b1\u20052.3\u00a0mm and overbite\u2005=\u20054.8\u2005\u00b1\u20052.6\u00a0mm. After Tx, the mean PAR score was 5.3\u2005\u00b1\u20052.8. A Class I MR (0.0\u2005\u00b1\u20050.1 CW) was present while overjet and overbite had decreased to 2.1\u2005\u00b1\u20050.7 and 1.3\u2005\u00b1\u20050.8\u00a0mm, respectively. At recall (19.8\u2005\u00b1\u20053.6 years post-Tx), a slight PAR score increase (+\u20053.1 points) had occurred (final value: 8.4\u2005\u00b1\u20053.7); this was mainly due to mild increases in overjet, overbite (final values: 3.3\u2005\u00b1\u20051.4\u00a0mm and 2.5\u2005\u00b1\u20051.7\u00a0mm) and changes in sagittal MR (0.2\u2005\u00b1\u20050.2 CW).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The sample size and the participation rate as well as the unavailability of a comparable control group can be considered as limitations. In addition, no long-term radiographic data could be obtained, and the retention protocol was not uniform. The majority of these issues, however, should be acceptable to due to the duration of the observation period and the uniqueness of the data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the present sample, Herbst-MBA Tx enabled Class II correction in adults with very good occlusal long-term stability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjae050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]],"date-time":"2024-09-14T08:20:45Z","timestamp":1726302045000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adult Herbst-multibracket appliance treatment\u2014how stable are the results very long term?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2978-0605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niko Christian","family":"Bock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen , Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"von Bremen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen , Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Ruf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen , Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024091323323437500_CIT0001","first-page":"239","article-title":"Dentoskeletal effects and facial profile changes in young adults treated with the Herbst appliance","volume":"69","author":"Ruf","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"2024091323323437500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(99)70285-4","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint remodeling in adolescents and young adults during Herbst treatment: a prospective longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging and cephalometric radiographic investigation","volume":"115","author":"Ruf","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2024091323323437500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1053\/sodo.2003.34024","article-title":"When is the ideal period for Herbst therapy - early or late","volume":"9","author":"Ruf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Seminars in Orthodontics"},{"key":"2024091323323437500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji116","article-title":"Herbst\/multibracket appliance treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusions in early and late adulthood. a prospective cephalometric study of consecutively treated subjects","volume":"28","author":"Ruf","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"2024091323323437500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(00)70203-4","article-title":"Dentofacial orthopedics or orthognathic surgery: is it a matter of age","volume":"117","author":"Pancherz","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2024091323323437500_CIT0006","first-page":"17","article-title":"The Herbst appliance\u2014research based updated clinical possibilities","volume":"1","author":"Pancherz","year":"2000","journal-title":"World Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"2024091323323437500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.2319\/110308-556R.1","article-title":"Stepwise advancement Herbst appliance versus mandibular sagittal split osteotomy. 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