{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T11:52:16Z","timestamp":1753876336278,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the dento-skeletal changes observed in growing Class III patients treated with the Face Mask Protocol (FMP) with and without Bite Block (BB).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thirty subjects (12 f, 18 m) who underwent FM\/BB therapy were compared to a matched group (FM) of 29 patients (15 f, 14 m) treated without BB. All patients were evaluated before treatment (T0), at the end of active treatment (T1), and at a post-pubertal follow-up observation (T2). A control group (CG) of 20 subjects (10 f, 10 m) with untreated Class III disharmony was used for the comparison of post-pubertal changes. Intergroup statistical comparisons were performed with the independent samples t-test (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The comparison between treated samples showed a significant improvement of SN^GoGn (FM\/BB vs FM, \u22122.1\u00b0), Overbite (FM\/BB vs FM, +1.2 mm), and vertical position of lower molars FM\/BB vs FM, \u22123 mm). When compared with the controls, both treated groups revealed a significant improvement of SNA (FM\/BB, +1.8\u00b0; FM +2.1\u00b0), ANB (FM\/BB +1.6\u00b0, FM +2.4\u00b0), gonial angle (FM\/BB \u22124.9\u00b0; FM \u22124\u00b0), incisor inclination (Upper, FM\/BB +1.7\u00b0, FM +2.3\u00b0; Lower, FM\/BB \u22122.5\u00b0, FM \u22122.7\u00b0), and Overjet (FM\/BB +3.2 mm; FM +4 mm). Improvement of SN^GoGn (\u22122.1\u00b0), Overbite (+1.8 mm), and vertical position of lower molars (\u22123.8 mm) were observed when FM\/BB was compared with CG.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Limitations are related to the difficulty to recruit a larger contemporary long-term control group due to ethical reasons.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Both FM protocols induced favorable changes in the treatment of Class III malocclusion with a good post-pubertal stability. The BB allows a more efficient control of the vertical skeletal relationship.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjae068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T08:25:04Z","timestamp":1734683104000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Post-pubertal effects of the Face Mask Protocol with and without Bite Block appliance in the orthopedic treatment of Class III malocclusion: a comparative evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5220-8338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Gazzani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus International Medical University , Via di Sant\u2019Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice , Piazza della Mostra 19, 38122 Trento ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Manti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice , Piazza della Mostra 19, 38122 Trento ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca Chiara","family":"De Razza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus International Medical University , Via di Sant\u2019Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Pavoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus International Medical University , Via di Sant\u2019Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Cozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus International Medical University , Via di Sant\u2019Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Lione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus International Medical University , Via di Sant\u2019Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024122008245585800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjz003","article-title":"Soft tissue facial profile in Class III malocclusion: long-term post-pubertal effects 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