{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T23:15:15Z","timestamp":1782170115874,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009736","name":"Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Third molar agenesis and palatally impacted canines (PICs) are two independent dental phenotypes with different developmental backgrounds. Isolated reports indicate a common genetic origin for both, however, current data is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of third molar agenesis in individuals with PICs, compared to individuals without PICs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials\/Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective case-control study comprised 310 individuals (188 females and 122 males), half of whom presented with unilateral or bilateral PICs. Individuals with other dental anomalies of known genetic origin were excluded. The association between PICs and third molar agenesis was assessed using four regression models, with PIC as the dependent variable and sex, age, and third molar agenesis as predictors. One model treated PIC as a nominal variable (pattern) and the other as ordinal (severity), and both were run testing either third molar agenesis severity or third molar agenesis patterns. All statistical tests were performed assuming a type-1 error of 5%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was no significant association between canine impaction and third molar agenesis in any of the four regression models. Neither the severity nor the patterns of palatally impacted canines were associated with either the severity or the patterns of third molar agenesis (P\u2005&amp;gt;\u2005.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Due to the common racial background of all participants, the results of this investigation might not be generalizable to the general population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions\/Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Palatal canine impaction is not associated to third molar agenesis, after accounting for age, sex, and various patterns of PICs and third molar agenesis. These results indicate that these two dental phenotypes do not share a common biological mechanism for their occurrence.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjaf008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T08:40:46Z","timestamp":1741164046000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Palatal canine impaction is not associated with third molar agenesis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Christianna I","family":"Papadopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB-University School of Dental Medicine, University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 40,\u00a0CH- 405 8 Basel ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Assmannshauser Stra\u00dfe 4-6, DE-14197, Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Athanasiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB-University School of Dental Medicine, University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 40,\u00a0CH- 405 8 Basel ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Gkantidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern , Freiburgstrasse 7,\u00a0CH-3010 Bern ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7304-044X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Kanavakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB-University School of Dental Medicine, University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 40,\u00a0CH- 405 8 Basel ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Thivon 2, GR-11527, Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030508404018100_CIT0001","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Oral Histology, Development, Structure, and Function","author":"Ten Cate","year":"1989","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"2025030508404018100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(87)90005-9","article-title":"Radiographic examination of ectopically erupting maxillary canines","volume":"91","author":"Ericson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2025030508404018100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(1994)064&lt;0249:WNID&gt;2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The palatally displaced canine as a dental anomaly of genetic origin","volume":"64","author":"Peck","year":"1994","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"2025030508404018100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.2319\/021712-149.1","article-title":"Dental anomalies and clinical features in patients with maxillary canine impaction","volume":"83","author":"Mercuri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"2025030508404018100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(83)90176-8","article-title":"The etiology of maxillary canine impactions","volume":"84","author":"Jacoby","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"2025030508404018100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/12.2.135","article-title":"Familial trends in palatal canines, anomalous lateral incisors, and related phenomena","volume":"12","author":"Zilberman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"2025030508404018100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(1981)051&lt;0024:TIOAML&gt;2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The incidence of anomalous maxillary lateral incisors in relation to palatally-displaced cuspids","volume":"51","author":"Becker","year":"1981","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"2025030508404018100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.03.014","article-title":"Genetic causes vs guidance theory for palatal displacement of canines","volume":"149","author":"Peter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2025030508404018100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9416(84)90038-1","article-title":"Etiology of maxillary canine impactions. 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