{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T22:07:13Z","timestamp":1761170833386,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Utilizing 3D facial scans with the aid of digital modeling tools and additive manufacturing is a promising technique for customization of facemask (FM) appliance for correction of Class III malocclusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of a modified 3D-printed maxillary protraction FM compared with a commercially available adjustable FM for the correction of Class III malocclusion due to maxillary retrognathism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective randomized controlled clinical trial enrolled a total of 34 patients aged 7\u201312 years with skeletal Class III malocclusion requiring maxillary protraction therapy, and were randomly allocated into two groups with a 1:1 ratio. Group 1 was allocated a 3D customized protraction facemask (3DFM), while Group 2 was allocated to a commercially available conventional Petit-type facemask (CFM). The 3DFM was individually designed using a 3D scan of the face obtained using a Revopoint scanner (Revopoint 3D Technologies Inc., China). The FM was modeled using SolidWorks software and manufactured from Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene polymer using a Creality K1 Max 3D printer (Creality 3D Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China). Lateral cephalograms were taken at pretreatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) after 9 months for analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both groups showed significant forward movement of point A (A point to SN perp, P &amp;lt; .000 for both groups) over the period of evaluation, with no significant differences between groups (mean difference (MD) = 0.32\u2005mm, 95% CI: \u22120.11 to 0.43, P = .240). Both groups showed a significant posterior displacement of SNB (P &amp;lt; .000), with no significant difference between groups (MD = 0.14\u00b0, 95% CI: \u22120.46 to 0.71, P = .671). The ANB angle significantly improved in both groups (P &amp;lt; .000) with no statistically significant differences (MD = 0.21\u00b0, 95% CI: \u22120.51 to 0.96, P = .542). The 3DFM group reported less soft tissue irritation compared with the CFM group. Sleep disturbances were significantly more common in the CFM group compared with the 3DFM group (P = .032, 95% CI: 0.028 to 0.625).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both 3DFM and CFM produced significant advancement of the maxilla, as demonstrated by increases in SN-nasion perpendicular and SNA angle. Slightly greater maxillary protraction in the 3DFM group suggests a potential biomechanical advantage although this is unlikely to be clinically significant over the long-term.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov on 12 April 2021 (registration number: NCT06250127).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjaf075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T11:32:46Z","timestamp":1756207966000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effectiveness of novel 3D printed customized facemask appliance for treatment of class III malocclusion: a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Ghassan B","family":"Abdulkareem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Al-Bayan University , Baghdad 10070 ,","place":["Iraq"]},{"name":"Department of Orthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad , Baghdad 10045 ,","place":["Iraq"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2857-0315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martyn T","family":"Cobourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Guy\u2019s Hospital , Floor 27, London SE1 9RT ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Guy\u2019s Hospital, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust , Floor 21, London SE1 9RT ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8171-7465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mushriq","family":"Abid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad , Baghdad 10045 ,","place":["Iraq"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102123133313300_cjaf075-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345650440053301","article-title":"Prevalence of class 1, class 2, and class 3 malocclusions (angle) in an urban population. 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