{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T22:52:30Z","timestamp":1773269550790,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K17239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K17239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sleep problems in children can affect neuroendocrine regulation and craniofacial development. Although malocclusion may contribute to airway impairment and altered growth patterns, the associations between sleep-related symptoms and physiological stress markers remain unclear. This study examined salivary stress-related biomarkers and craniofacial morphology in children with malocclusion who were at elevated risk for sleep problems and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy-five children aged 7\u201312 years completed the Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Elementary Schoolers (JSQ-ES). Children with total scores \u226580 were classified as high risk for general sleep problems, and those with SDB subscale scores \u226510 as high risk for SDB. Unstimulated saliva was analysed for oxytocin, melatonin, cortisol, and chromogranin A. Lateral cephalograms were evaluated for 34 variables. Statistical analyses included Shapiro\u2013Wilk, t-tests or Mann\u2013Whitney U-tests, and Pearson\u2019s or Spearman\u2019s correlations (P &amp;lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen children (18.7%) were classified as high risk for general sleep problems and 38 (50.7%) as high risk for SDB. Oxytocin concentration was lower in the high-risk sleep problems group (P = .041) and correlated negatively with JSQ-ES total score (\u03c1 = \u22120.250). No biomarker differences were observed by SDB risk. Children at high risk for sleep problems showed a greater mandibular plane angle, while higher SDB scores were associated with anteroposterior skeletal discrepancies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children at elevated risk for general sleep problems showed reduced salivary oxytocin and greater vertical skeletal divergence, whereas those at elevated SDB risk exhibited anteroposterior craniofacial differences without biomarker alterations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjag004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T12:37:53Z","timestamp":1768394273000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamics of salivary stress-related biomarkers in children with malocclusion and risk for sleep problems and sleep-disordered breathing: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Shugo","family":"Manase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University , 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiko","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University , 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumitaka","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University , 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501 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