{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T09:17:42Z","timestamp":1780046262750,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study aimed to compare the treatment effects of extra-alveolar skeletal anchorage versus intermaxillary elastics in Class III patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials\/Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-eight patients were divided into three groups based on their treatment approach. Group Buccal Shelf (BS) consisted of 10 patients treated with a fixed orthodontic appliance and buccal shelf miniscrews (initial mean age: 21.44 years; mean treatment time: 2.81 years). Group Elastics Torque (ET) comprised 14 patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliance (lower incisors with buccal torque, and upper incisors with torque zero) and intermaxillary elastics (initial mean age: 18.97 years; mean treatment time: 3.12 years). Group Elastics (E): 14 patients treated with a fixed orthodontic appliance (lower incisors torque zero, and upper incisors with buccal torque) and intermaxillary elastics (mean initial age: 19.18 years; mean treatment time: 3.15 years). Cephalograms were taken before and after orthodontic treatment. Dental, skeletal, and soft tissue changes were compared using ANOVA and Tukey tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maxillary molars exhibited significantly greater mesial angulation in Group ET compared with Groups BS and E (P = 0.02). Mandibular incisors were significantly more upright (P = 0.03) and retruded (P = 0.00) in Group BS. Group ET showed significantly greater extrusion of the mandibular incisors (P = 0.00).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of buccal shelf miniscrews resulted in more upright and retruded mandibular incisors compared with treatment with Class III elastics. Intermaxillary elastics with buccal torque lower incisors and torque zero upper incisors brackets approach showed greater maxillary molar angulation and mandibular incisor extrusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjag042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T11:44:02Z","timestamp":1778845442000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of class III treatment using intermaxillary elastics and buccal shelf miniscrews"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Raphael Dutra","family":"de Resende Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Ing\u00e1 University Center UNING\u00c1 , Rod PR 317, 6114, Maring\u00e1, PR 87035-510 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5419-0079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia Regina Maio","family":"Pinzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Ing\u00e1 University Center UNING\u00c1 , Rod PR 317, 6114, Maring\u00e1, PR 87035-510 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9145-6334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina Maria Salvatore","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Ing\u00e1 University Center UNING\u00c1 , Rod PR 317, 6114, Maring\u00e1, PR 87035-510 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6230-0522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Cotrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Ing\u00e1 University Center UNING\u00c1 , Rod PR 317, 6114, Maring\u00e1, PR 87035-510 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossana Gisselle Zelaya","family":"Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Ing\u00e1 University Center UNING\u00c1 , Rod PR 317, 6114, Maring\u00e1, PR 87035-510 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabricio Pinelli","family":"Valarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Ing\u00e1 University Center UNING\u00c1 , Rod PR 317, 6114, Maring\u00e1, PR 87035-510 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210600802010038","article-title":"Treatment in borderline class III malocclusion: orthodontic camouflage (extraction) versus orthognathic surgery","volume":"2","author":"Rabie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Open Dent J"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4236\/ojst.2013.31016","article-title":"Orthodontic camouflage versus orthognathic surgery: a comparative analysis of long-term stability and satisfaction in moderate skeletal class III","volume":"3","author":"Xiong","year":"2013","journal-title":"OpenJ Stomatol"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.04.012","article-title":"Evolution of class III treatment in orthodontics","volume":"148","author":"Ngan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.08.018","article-title":"Extreme dentoalveolar compensation in the treatment of class III malocclusion","volume":"128","author":"Janson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.04.033","article-title":"Camouflage treatment of skeletal class III malocclusion with conventional orthodontic therapy","volume":"151","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2321373","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.28.2.e2321373.oar","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of displacement and stress distribution pattern during mandibular arch distalization with extra and inter-radicular mini-implants: a three-dimensional finite element study","volume":"28","author":"Maheshwari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dental Press J Orthod"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B7","first-page":"220","article-title":"The effect of class III elastics on the cant of occlusal plane","volume":"42","author":"Kameda","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Jap Orthod Soc"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.10.040","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of treatment outcomes between temporary anchorage devices and class III elastics in class III malocclusions","volume":"151","author":"Nakamura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(84)90109-5","article-title":"Components of adult class III malocclusion","volume":"42","author":"Ellis","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.05.017","article-title":"Class III camouflage treatment: what are the limits?","volume":"137","author":"Burns","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.2319\/021411-108.1","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of vestibular recession in mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment: a case-control retrospective study","volume":"82","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57110917934","DOI":"10.33448\/rsd-v10i9.17934","article-title":"Minimizing the compensatory effects of the class III malocclusion orthodontic treatment with biofunctional preadjusted prescription\u2013case report","volume":"10","author":"Netto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Soc Develop"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B13","first-page":"351","article-title":"Class III camouflage treatment with the biofunctional technique","volume":"52","author":"Valarelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.9771\/cmbio.v22i4.53514","article-title":"Comparison of compensatory class III malocclusion treatment changes with two prescriptions of preadjusted brackets","volume":"22","author":"Vieira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Cien Med Biol"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12429","article-title":"Orthodontic bone screws: a quick update and its promising future","volume":"24","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.24.4.093-109.sar","article-title":"Biomechanics of extra-alveolar mini-implants","volume":"24","author":"Almeida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dental Press J Orthod"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.05.014","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis for total distalization of the mandibular dentition: a finite element study","volume":"155","author":"Chae","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.09.040","article-title":"Comparison of treatment effects after total mandibular arch distalization with miniscrews vs ramal plates in patients with class III malocclusion","volume":"161","author":"Yeon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2026052904405549400_cjag042-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.10.002","article-title":"Biology of biomechanics: finite element analysis of a statically determinate system to rotate the occlusal plane for correction of a skeletal class III open-bite malocclusion","volume":"148","author":"Roberts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejo\/article-pdf\/48\/3\/cjag042\/68429656\/cjag042.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejo\/article-pdf\/48\/3\/cjag042\/68429656\/cjag042.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T08:41:04Z","timestamp":1780044064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejo\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjag042\/8697822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjag042","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-5387","1460-2210"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-5387","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2210","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"article-number":"cjag042"}}