{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:36:57Z","timestamp":1789497417319,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics of patients with unilateral transmigration of a mandibular canine in the largest study group presented until now.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study group consisted of 93 patients with unilateral transmigration of mandibular canine; the control group included 85 non-affected patients. Type of transmigration, status of deciduous and permanent canines, prevalence of missing teeth, class of occlusion, and space conditions were assessed to draw comparisons between groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this study, 64.5 per cent patients presented type 1 of transmigration; types 2, 3, 4, and 5 were present in, respectively, 23.7, 5.4, 4.3, and 2.1 per cent patients. There was a clear, statistically significant difference (P &lt; 0.0001) between the mean crown and apex migration and angulation for the three groups of canines (transmigrated, contralateral, and control), whereas no differences were observed for the total number of permanent teeth present. In the study group, 73.1 per cent patients retained their primary canine on the affected side and 18.3 per cent on the contralateral side; in the control group, 22.3 per cent subjects had at least one primary canine. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of types of malocclusion between the study and the control groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Transmigration of mandibular canine was associated with the presence of retained primary canine on the affected side, higher mesial tilting of contralateral mandibular canine when compared to the canines in the control group. Additionally, higher prevalence of Angle\u2019s Class I occlusion in patients with canine transmigration was recorded.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,11]],"date-time":"2018-09-11T23:37:39Z","timestamp":1536709059000},"page":"390-396","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The retrospective study of 93 patients with transmigration of mandibular canine and a comparative analysis with a control group"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Plakwicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Abramczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julita","family":"Wojtaszek-Lis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Warsaw"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Sajkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Gi\u017cycko"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Warych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Wroc\u0142aw"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Gawron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Burzykowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (I-BioStat), Hasselt University, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Zadurska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa Monika","family":"Czochrowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Wojtowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"G\u00f3rska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Kuku\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd1959.6.66","article-title":"Transmigration process of the impacted mandibular cuspid","volume":"6","author":"Ando","year":"1964","journal-title":"Journal of Nihon University School of Dentistry"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1971.0216","article-title":"Transmigration of nonerupted mandibular canines: report of cases","volume":"82","author":"Tarsitano","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0003","first-page":"291","article-title":"Transmigration of mandibular canines: a review of the literature and report of two cases","volume":"25","author":"Joshi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Quintessence International (Berlin, Germany: 1985)"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0004","first-page":"168","volume-title":"Textbook and Color Atlas of Tooth Impactions: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention","author":"Andreasen","year":"1997","edition":"1st edn"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0005","first-page":"12","article-title":"Transmigrant mandibular canines: a record of 28 cases and a retrospective review of the literature","volume":"71","author":"Joshi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.dmfr.4600732","article-title":"Patterns of intra-osseous transmigration and ectopic eruption of mandibular canines: review of literature and report of nine additional cases","volume":"31","author":"Mupparapu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/15470658","article-title":"Incidence of canine impaction and transmigration in a patient population","volume":"33","author":"Aydin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0008","first-page":"821","article-title":"Patterns of intraosseous transmigration and ectopic eruption of bilaterally transmigrating mandibular canines: radiographic study and proposed classification","volume":"38","author":"Mupparapu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Quintessence International (Berlin, Germany: 1985)"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.09.006","article-title":"Investigation of transmigrated and impacted maxillary and mandibular canine teeth in an orthodontic patient population","volume":"68","author":"Celikoglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjp151","article-title":"The incidence of canine transmigration and tooth impaction in a Turkish subpopulation","volume":"32","author":"Aktan","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1179\/bjo.9.1.57","article-title":"Bilateral transmigration of mandibular canines","volume":"9","author":"Joshi","year":"1982","journal-title":"British Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0012","first-page":"254","article-title":"The development of permanent teeth","volume":"27","author":"Nolla","year":"1960","journal-title":"Journal of Dentistry for Children"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357409002548","article-title":"Frequency of hypodontia in relation to tooth size and dental arch width","volume":"32","author":"Wisth","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Odontologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3900-4","volume-title":"Linear Mixed Effects Models Using R: A Step-by-Step Approach","author":"Galecki","year":"2013"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e335","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.16.e335","article-title":"Analysis of different type of transmigrant mandibular teeth","volume":"16","author":"Kara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia Bucal"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjw027","article-title":"Impacted and transmigrant mandibular canines incidence, aetiology, and treatment: a systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Dalessandri","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9785(85)80063-6","article-title":"Transmigration of impacted mandibular cuspids","volume":"14","author":"Javid","year":"1985","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral Surgery"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70262-8","article-title":"On the phenomenon of intraosseous migration of nonerupting teeth","volume":"113","author":"Peck","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0019","first-page":"27","article-title":"Transmigration of unerupted mandibular canines: a literature review and a report of five cases","volume":"27","author":"al-Waheidi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Quintessence International (Berlin, Germany: 1985)"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0020","first-page":"738","article-title":"Intrabony migration of impacted teeth","volume":"73","author":"Shapira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0021","first-page":"156","article-title":"Transmigration of impacted mandibular canines and its association with malocclusion and morphology: an analysis of seven cases","volume":"13","author":"Holla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthodontics: The Art and Practice of Dentofacial Enhancement"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2000.0236","article-title":"Treatment options for impacted teeth","volume":"131","author":"Frank","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-011-0545-8","article-title":"Transmigration of impacted canines: prevalence, management and implications on tooth structure and pulp vitality of adjacent teeth","volume":"16","author":"Mazinis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Oral Investigations"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70064-8","article-title":"Treatment of transmigrated mandibular canines","volume":"106","author":"Wertz","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/20.1.45","article-title":"Eruption of premolars subsequent to autotransplantation. A longitudinal radiographic study","volume":"20","author":"Paulsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"European Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.11607\/prd.1482","article-title":"New bone formation at the site of autotransplanted developing mandibular canines: a case report","volume":"33","author":"Plakwicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry"},{"key":"2019080802044327500_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-4469.2004.00227.x","article-title":"Potential efficacy of GTR and autogenous bone graft for autotransplantation to recipient sites with osseous defects: evaluation by re-entry procedure","volume":"20","author":"Imazato","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dental Traumatology"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejo\/article-pdf\/41\/4\/390\/29108385\/cjy067.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T02:04:57Z","timestamp":1565229897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejo\/article\/41\/4\/390\/5122863"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjy067","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-5387","1460-2210"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-5387","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2210","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]]}}}