{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:32:39Z","timestamp":1790289159113,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,5]],"date-time":"2019-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background\/objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Whether orthodontic treatment with functional appliances improves facial aesthetics is still under debate. This study aimed to determine whether functional orthodontic treatment improves the facial attractiveness of patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials\/method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Extraoral lateral photographs of 20 children with Class I (CLI, 11.7 \u00b1 0.8 years), and before (T1) and after treatment (T2) photographs of patients with Class II division 1 (CLII T1 and CLII T2; mean age \u00b1 SD = 11.1 \u00b1 0.6 years) treated with functional appliances, were transformed into black silhouettes. Three panels of examiners including 30 orthodontists (39.0 \u00b1 10.1 years), 30 dentists (40.0 \u00b1 9.7) and 30 laypersons (39.0 \u00b1 9.2) evaluated the attractiveness of patients\u2019 silhouettes using a 100-mm visual analogue scale, and the sagittal position of patients\u2019 upper lip, lower lip, and chin using a 3-point Likert scale. Two-way ANOVA and a chi-square test were used to test differences among groups. Statistically significance was set as P \u200a&amp;lt; \u200a0.05.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The silhouettes of CLII T2 individuals were more attractive than those of the other groups (all Ps &amp;lt; 0.001). The upper lip, lower lip, and the chin of these individuals were judged to be normally positioned in 69.5 per cent, 74.9 per cent, and 72.3 per cent of the assessments, respectively (all Ps &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study did not account for the psychological profile of the examiners, which may have affected the ratings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions\/implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Orthodontic treatment with functional appliances is associated with a superior facial profile attractiveness. Functional treatment should be considered as a treatment option to improve the facial appearance of children with Class II division 1 malocclusion.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjz076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T19:33:05Z","timestamp":1566502385000},"page":"144-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Impact of functional orthodontic treatment on facial attractiveness of children with Class II division 1 malocclusion"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Sergio","family":"Paduano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9741-794X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Rongo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosaria","family":"Bucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Carvelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iacopo","family":"Cioffi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020040104252562000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1179\/bjo.17.4.299","article-title":"Panel perception of facial attractiveness","volume":"17","author":"Kerr","year":"1990","journal-title":"British Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"2020040104252562000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12495","article-title":"Skeletal and dental effects of Class III orthopaedic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Rongo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Rehabilitation"},{"key":"2020040104252562000_CIT0003","first-page":"177","article-title":"Components of class II malocclusion in children 8-10 years of age","volume":"51","author":"McNamara","year":"1981","journal-title":"The Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"2020040104252562000_CIT0004","first-page":"176","article-title":"Is there an association between various aspects of oral health in Southern Italy children? 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