{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T10:05:30Z","timestamp":1775556330510,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ontario Research Funds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whether precise orthodontic detailing of occlusion impacts masticatory function is unknown. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of post-orthodontic dental occlusion on masticatory performance and chewing efficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty-four adults who completed orthodontic treatment were categorized into two groups using the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) model grading system: one meeting ABO standards (ABO, N = 29), the other failing to meet them (non-ABO, N = 25). The electromyographic (EMG) signals of the anterior temporalis (AT) and superficial masseter muscles were recorded bilaterally during static (clenching) and dynamic (gum chewing) tests. Chewing efficiency was measured by calculating the median particle size (MPS) and broadness of particle distribution (BPD) after five chewing trials of experimental silicone food at a standardized chewing rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants of the ABO group had a slightly more symmetric activation of the AT muscles during clenching (P = 0.016) and chewed a gum at a slower rate (P = 0.030). During the standardized chewing test with silicone food, ABO subjects had slightly greater EMG potentials at all muscle locations than non-ABO individuals (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). MPS and BDP did not differ significantly between groups (all P &amp;gt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p>The severity of the initial malocclusion of the study participants was not in the statistical model as a potential confounder on the outcome measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Meeting ABO standards contributes to a slightly more balanced activation of the temporalis muscles during clenching and more efficient muscle recruitment during chewing but does not improve chewing efficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjz095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T20:10:48Z","timestamp":1573157448000},"page":"587-595","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Impact of post-orthodontic dental occlusion on masticatory performance and chewing efficiency"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Jocelyne","family":"Shim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ka Chun Jeremy","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian C","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelos","family":"Metaxas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eszter","family":"Somogyi-Ganss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Di Sipio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iacopo","family":"Cioffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020120619112921700_CIT0001","article-title":"The American Board of Orthodontics.","volume-title":"Grading system for dental casts and panoramic radiographs","year":"2012"},{"key":"2020120619112921700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70179-9","article-title":"Objective grading system for dental casts and panoramic radiographs","volume":"114","author":"Casko","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"2020120619112921700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9416(72)90268-0","article-title":"The six keys to normal occlusion","volume":"62","author":"Andrews","year":"1972","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics,"},{"key":"2020120619112921700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.03.027","article-title":"Relationship between orthodontic anomalies and masticatory function in adults","volume":"131","author":"Ngom","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics,"},{"key":"2020120619112921700_CIT0005","first-page":"21","article-title":"Does malocclusion affect masticatory performance?","volume":"72","author":"English","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Angle Orthodontist,"},{"key":"2020120619112921700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/ortho\/27.2.149","article-title":"The development of the index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON)","volume":"27","author":"Daniels","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Orthodontics,"},{"key":"2020120619112921700_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356709072519","article-title":"Pattern of chewing and malocclusion of teeth. 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