{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:41:33Z","timestamp":1792024893918,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,15]],"date-time":"1998-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":900460800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,15]],"date-time":"1998-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":900460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EMBO J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,15]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.14.3899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T18:44:48Z","timestamp":1027709088000},"page":"3899-3908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":235,"title":["A matrix\u2010less measles virus is infectious and elicits extensive cell fusion: consequences for propagation in the brain"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Toni","family":"Cathomen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Branka","family":"Mrkic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dani\u00e8le","family":"Spehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Drillien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Naef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jovan","family":"Pavlovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Aguzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin A.","family":"Billeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(93)90183-L","volume":"154","author":"T Andersson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Andersson T, Schwarcz R, Love A and Kristensson K (1993) Measles virus\u2010induced hippocampal neurodegeneration in the mouse: a novel, subacute model for testing neuroprotective agents. Neurosci Lett, 154, 109\u2013112.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1993.1579","volume":"197","author":"K Baczko","year":"1993","unstructured":"Baczko K et al. (1993) Clonal expansion of hypermutated measles virus in a SSPE brain. Virology, 197, 188\u2013195.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-3790-8_12","volume-title":"The Paramyxoviruses","author":"MA Billeter","year":"1991","unstructured":"Billeter MA and Cattaneo R (1991) Molecular biology of defective measles virus persisting in the human central nervous system. In Kingsbury,D.W. (ed.), The Paramyxoviruses. Plenum Press, New York, pp.323\u2013345."},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(83)90116-2","volume":"130","author":"W Bohn","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bohn W, Rutter G, Hohenberg H and Mannweiler K (1983) Inhibition of measles virus budding by phenothiazines. Virology, 130, 44\u201355.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3443","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.8.3443","volume":"89","author":"BA Brody","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brody BA, Rhee SS, Sommerfelt MA and Hunter E (1992) A viral protease\u2010mediated cleavage of the transmembrane glycoprotein of Mason\u2013Pfizer monkey virus can be suppressed by mutations within the matrix protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 89, 3443\u20133447.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3716","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.6.3716-3723.1996","volume":"70","author":"CJ Buchholz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Buchholz CJ, Schneider U, Devaux P, Gerlier D and Cattaneo R (1996) Cell entry by measles virus: long hybrid receptors uncouple binding from membrane fusion. J Virol, 70, 3716\u20133723.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(82)90036-8","volume":"120","author":"M Buechi","year":"1982","unstructured":"Buechi M and B\u00e4chi T (1982) Microscopy of internal structures of Sendai virus associated with the cytoplasmic surface of host membranes. Virology, 120, 349\u2013359.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(85)90276-4","volume":"144","author":"DR Carrigan","year":"1985","unstructured":"Carrigan DR (1985) Round cell variant of measles virus: spontaneous conversion from productive to cell\u2010associated state of infection. Virology, 144, 337\u2013350.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(86)90331-4","volume":"148","author":"DR Carrigan","year":"1986","unstructured":"Carrigan DR (1986) Round cell variant of measles virus: neurovirulence and pathogenesis of acute encephalitis in newborn hamsters. Virology, 148, 349\u2013359.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.2.1224-1234.1998","volume":"72","author":"T Cathomen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cathomen T, Naim HY and Cattaneo R (1998) Measles viruses with altered envelope protein cytoplasmic tails gain cell fusion competence. J Virol, 72, 1224\u20131234.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.3.1493-1502.1993","volume":"67","author":"R Cattaneo","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cattaneo R and Rose JK (1993) Cell fusion by the envelope glycoproteins of persistent measles viruses which caused lethal human brain disease. J Virol, 67, 1493\u20131502.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04808.x","volume":"6","author":"R Cattaneo","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cattaneo R, Rebmann G, Schmid A, Baczko K and Billeter MA (1987) Altered transcription of a defective measles virus genome derived from a diseased human brain. EMBO J, 6, 681\u2013688.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90048-7","volume":"55","author":"R Cattaneo","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cattaneo R, Schmid A, Eschle D, Baczko K, ter Meulen V and Billeter MA (1988) Biased hypermutation and other genetic changes in defective measles viruses in human brain infections. Cell, 55, 255\u2013265.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1995.1298","volume":"209","author":"J De Mareuil","year":"1995","unstructured":"De Mareuil J, Salaun D, Chermann JC and Hirsch I (1995) Fusogenic determinants of highly cytopathic subtype D Zairian isolate HIV\u20101NDK. Virology, 209, 649\u2013653.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1994.1015","volume":"125","author":"CL Eastman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Eastman CL, Urbanska E, Love A, Kristensson K and Schwarcz R (1994) Increased brain quinolinic acid production in mice infected with a hamster neurotropic measles virus. Exp Neurol, 125, 119\u2013124.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.127.3.935","volume":"127","author":"RS Fujinami","year":"1981","unstructured":"Fujinami RS, Sissons JGP and Oldstone MBA (1981) Immune reactive measles virus polypeptides on the cell's surface: turnover and relationship of the glycoproteins to each other and to HLA determinants. J Immunol, 127, 935\u2013940.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR17","first-page":"1267","volume-title":"Virology","author":"DE Griffin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Griffin DE and Bellini WJ (1996) Measles virus. In Fields,B.N., Knipe, D.M. and Howley,P.M. (eds), Virology. Raven, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 1267\u20131312."},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90523-5","volume":"81","author":"A Helenius","year":"1995","unstructured":"Helenius A (1995) Alphavirus and flavivirus glycoproteins: structures and functions. Cell, 81, 651\u2013653.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.12.1.627","volume":"12","author":"LD Hernandez","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hernandez LD, Hoffman LR, Wolfsberg TG and White JM (1996) Virus\u2013cell and cell\u2013cell fusion. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, 12, 627\u2013661.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.4.1848-1853.1993","volume":"67","author":"A Hirano","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hirano A, Ayata M, Wang AH and Wong TC (1993) Functional analysis of matrix proteins expressed from cloned genes of measles virus variants that cause subacute sclerosing panencephalitis reveals a common defect in nucleocapsid binding. J Virol, 67, 1848\u20131853.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3613","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.5.3613-3619.1997","volume":"71","author":"MM Januszeski","year":"1997","unstructured":"Januszeski MM, Cannon PM, Chen D, Rozenberg Y and Anderson WF (1997) Functional analysis of the cytoplasmic tail of moloney murine leukemia virus envelope protein. J Virol, 71, 3613\u20133619.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3201","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-76-12-3201","volume":"76","author":"Y Katayama","year":"1995","unstructured":"Katayama Y, Hotta H, Nishimura A, Tatsuno Y and Homma M (1995) Detection of measles virus nucleoprotein mRNA in autopsied brain tissues. J Gen Virol, 76, 3201\u20133204.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.40.100186.001111","volume":"40","author":"K Kristensson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kristensson K and Norrby E (1986) Persistence of RNA viruses in the central nervous system. Ann Rev Microbiol, 40, 159\u2013184.","journal-title":"Ann Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-78621-1_10","volume-title":"Measles Virus","author":"UG Liebert","year":"1995","unstructured":"Liebert UG and Finke D (1995) Measles virus infections in rodents. In ter Meulen, V. and Billeter, M.A. (eds), Measles Virus, Vol. 191, 149\u2013166."},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mrkic B, Pavlovic J, R\u00fclicke T, Volpe P, Buchholz CJ, Hourcade D, Atkinson JP, Aguzzi A and Cattaneo R (1998) Measles virus spread and pathogenesis in genetically modified mice. J Virol, 72, in press.","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.9.7420-7427.1998"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-3790-8_16","volume-title":"The Paramyxoviruses","author":"ME Peeples","year":"1991","unstructured":"Peeples ME (1991) Paramyxovirus M proteins. Pulling it all together and taking it on the road. In Kingsbury,D.W. (ed.), The Paramyxoviruses. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 427\u2013456."},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5773","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00266.x","volume":"14","author":"F Radecke","year":"1995","unstructured":"Radecke F, Spielhofer P, Schneider H, Kaelin K, Huber M, D\u00f6tsch C, Christiansen G and Billeter MA (1995) Rescue of measles viruses from cloned DNA. EMBO J, 14, 5773\u20135784.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4659","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.9.4659","volume":"94","author":"GF Rall","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rall GF, Manchester M, Daniels LR, Callahan EM, Belman AR and Oldstone MBA (1997) A transgenic mouse model for measles virus infection of the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA, 94, 4659\u20134663.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90258-5","volume":"79","author":"MM Rolls","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rolls MM, Webster P, Balba NH and Rose JK (1994) Novel infectious particles generated by expression of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein from a self\u2010replicating RNA. Cell, 79, 497\u2013506.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-65-6-1023","volume":"65","author":"PH Russell","year":"1984","unstructured":"Russell PH and Almeida JD (1984) A regular subunit pattern seen on non\u2010infectious Newcastle disease virus particles. J Gen Virol, 65, 1023\u20131031.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1995.1308","volume":"209","author":"CM Sanderson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sanderson CM, Avalos R, Kundu A and Nayak DP (1995) Interactions of Sendai viral F, HN and M proteins with host cytoskeletal and lipid components in Sendai\u2010virus infected BHK cells. Virology, 209, 701\u2013707.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90552-Z","volume":"188","author":"A Schmid","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schmid A, Spielhofer P, Cattaneo R, Baczko K, ter Meulen V and Billeter MA (1992) Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is typically characterized by alterations in the fusion protein cytoplasmic domain of the persisting measles virus. Virology, 188, 910\u2013915.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.3.2150-2159.1998","volume":"72","author":"P Spielhofer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Spielhofer P, B\u00e4chi T, Fehr T, Christiansen G, Cattaneo R, Kaelin K, Billeter MA and Naim HY (1998) Chimeric measles viruses with a foreign envelope. J Virol, 72, 2150\u20132159.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR34","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Virus\u2013Host Interactions: Receptors, Persistence and Neurological Diseases","author":"V ter Meulen","year":"1983","unstructured":"ter Meulen V, Stephenson JR and Kreth HW (1983) Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. In Fraenkel\u2010Conrat, H. and Wagner, R.R. (eds), Virus\u2013Host Interactions: Receptors, Persistence and Neurological Diseases, Vol. 18, 105\u2013159."},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(84)90046-6","volume":"8","author":"SA Udem","year":"1984","unstructured":"Udem SA (1984) Measles virus: conditions for the propagation and purification of infectious virus in high yield. J Virol Meth, 8, 123\u2013136.","journal-title":"J Virol Meth"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-78621-1_9","volume-title":"Measles Virus","author":"RS van Binnendijk","year":"1995","unstructured":"van Binnendijk RS, van der Heijden RWJ and Osterhaus ADME (1995) Monkeys in measles research. In ter Meulen,V. and Billeter,M.A. (eds), Measles Virus, Vol. 191, 135\u2013148."},{"key":"BFEMBJ7591092_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90692-I","volume":"189","author":"T Wilk","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wilk T, Pfeiffer T and Bosch V (1992) Retained in vitro infectivity and cytopathogenicity of HIV\u20101 despite truncation of the C\u2010terminal tail of the env gene product. Virology, 189, 167\u2013177.","journal-title":"Virology"}],"container-title":["The EMBO Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1093%2Femboj%2F17.14.3899","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1093\/emboj\/17.14.3899.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1093\/emboj\/17.14.3899\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1093\/emboj\/17.14.3899","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1093\/emboj\/17.14.3899.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:56:19Z","timestamp":1779299779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1093\/emboj\/17.14.3899"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,15]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,15]]}},"alternative-id":["BFEMBJ7591092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/emboj\/17.14.3899","relation":{},"ISSN":["0261-4189","1460-2075"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0261-4189","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2075","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 April 1998","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 1998","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 1998","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}