{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T10:17:25Z","timestamp":1789899445996,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]],"date-time":"2000-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":949363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]],"date-time":"2000-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":949363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EMBO J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.3.463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T18:45:25Z","timestamp":1027709125000},"page":"463-471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":249,"title":["The controlling role of ATM in homologous recombinational repair of DNA damage"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ciaran","family":"Morrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiichiro","family":"Sonoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriaki","family":"Takao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken\u2010ichi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunichi","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5383.1674","volume":"281","author":"S Banin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Banin S et al. (1998) Enhanced phosphorylation of p53 by ATM in response to DNA damage. Science, 281, 1674\u20131679.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80086-0","volume":"86","author":"C Barlow","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barlow C et al. (1996) Atm\u2010deficient mice: a paradigm of ataxia telangiectasia. Cell, 86, 159\u2013171.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/387516a0","volume":"387","author":"R Baskaran","year":"1997","unstructured":"Baskaran R et al. (1997) Ataxia telangiectasia mutant protein activates c\u2010Abl tyrosine kinase in response to ionizing radiation. Nature, 387, 516\u2013519.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/09553009414550211","volume":"65","author":"H Beamish","year":"1994","unstructured":"Beamish H and Lavin MF (1994) Radiosensitivity in ataxia\u2013telangiectasia: anomalies in radiation\u2010induced cell cycle delay. Int J Radiat Biol, 65, 175\u2013184.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20486","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.34.20486","volume":"271","author":"H Beamish","year":"1996","unstructured":"Beamish H, Williams R, Chen P and Lavin MF (1996) Defect in multiple cell cycle checkpoints in ataxia\u2013telangiectasia postirradiation. J Biol Chem, 271, 20486\u201320493.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80198-1","volume":"89","author":"O Bezzubova","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bezzubova O, Silbergleit A, Yamaguchi\u2010Iwai Y, Takeda S and Buerstedde J\u2010M (1997) Reduced X\u2010ray resistance and homologous recombination frequencies in a RAD54\u2212\/\u2212 mutant of the chicken DT40 cell line. Cell, 89, 185\u2013193.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1086\/302223","volume":"64","author":"KD Brown","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brown KD, Barlow C and Wynshaw\u2010Boris A (1999) Multiple ATM\u2010dependent pathways: an explanation for pleiotropy. Am J Hum Genet, 64, 46\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5383.1677","volume":"281","author":"CE Canman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Canman CE, Lim D\u2010S, Cimprich KA, Taya Y, Tamai K, Sakaguchi K, Appella E, Kastan MB and Siciliano JD (1998) Activation of the ATM kinase by ionizing radiation and phosphorylation of p53. Science, 281, 1677\u20131679.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12748","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.18.12748","volume":"274","author":"G Chen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen G et al. (1999) Radiation\u2010induced assembly of Rad51 and Rad42 recombination complex requires ATM and c\u2010Abl. J Biol Chem, 274, 12748\u201312752.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.9.2535","volume":"16","author":"B Clever","year":"1997","unstructured":"Clever B, Interthal H, Schmuckli\u2010Maurer J, King J, Sigrist M and Heyer W\u2010D (1997) Recombinational repair in yeast: functional interactions between Rad51 and Rad54 proteins. EMBO J, 16, 2535\u20132544.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3975628","volume":"227","author":"MN Cornforth","year":"1985","unstructured":"Cornforth MN and Bedford JS (1985) On the nature of a defect in cells from individuals with ataxia\u2013telangiectasia. Science, 227, 1589\u20131591.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.1984.Supplement_6.12","volume":"6","author":"PG Debenham","year":"1987","unstructured":"Debenham PG, Webb MB, Jones NJ and Cox R (1987) Molecular studies on the nature of the repair defect in ataxia\u2013telangiectasia and their implications for cellular radiobiology. J Cell Sci, 6, 177\u2013189.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5293.1664","volume":"274","author":"SJ Elledge","year":"1996","unstructured":"Elledge SJ (1996) Cell cycle checkpoints: preventing an identity crisis. Science, 274, 1664\u20131672.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13084","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.23.13084","volume":"93","author":"A Elson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Elson A, Wang Y, Daugherty CJ, Morton CC, Zhou F, Campos\u2010Torres J and Leder P (1996) Pleiotropic defects in ataxia\u2013telangiectasia protein\u2010deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93, 13084\u201313089.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80199-3","volume":"89","author":"J Essers","year":"1997","unstructured":"Essers J, Hendriks RW, Swagemakers SMA, Troelstra C, De Wit J, Bootsma D, Hoeijmakers JHJ and Kanaar R (1997) Disruption of mouse RAD54 reduces ionizing radiation resistance and homologous recombination. Cell, 89, 195\u2013204.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(77)90144-0","volume":"45","author":"SM Galloway","year":"1977","unstructured":"Galloway SM (1977) Ataxia telangiectasia: the effects of chemical mutagens and X\u2010rays on sister chromatid exchanges in blood lymphocytes. Mutat Res, 45, 343\u2013349.","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/336577a0","volume":"336","author":"RA Gatti","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gatti RA et al. (1988) Localization of an ataxia\u2013telangiectasia gene to chromosome 11q22\u201023. Nature, 336, 577\u2013580.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4106","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.20.4106","volume":"25","author":"EI Golub","year":"1997","unstructured":"Golub EI, Kovalenko OV, Gupta RC, Ward DC and Radding CM (1997) Interaction of human recombination proteins Rad51 and Rad54. Nucleic Acids Res, 25, 4106\u20134110.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7792603","volume":"268","author":"M Gossen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gossen M, Freundlieb S, Bender G, M\u00fcller G, Hillen W and Bujard H (1995) Transcriptional activation by tetracyclines in mammalian cells. Science, 268, 1766\u20131769.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.6.2298","volume":"92","author":"T Haaf","year":"1995","unstructured":"Haaf T, Golub EI, Reddy G, Radding CM and Ward DC (1995) Nuclear foci of mammalian Rad51 recombination protein in somatic cells after DNA damage and its localization in synaptonemal complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 92, 2298\u20132302.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR21","unstructured":"ISCN (1985) An international system for human cytogenetic nomenclature. Report of the Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature. Basel, Karger."},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(95)00238-7","volume":"5","author":"SP Jackson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jackson SP (1995) Ataxia\u2013telangiectasia at the crossroads. Curr Biol, 5, 1210\u20131212.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950171108","volume":"17","author":"PA Jeggo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jeggo PA, Taccioli GE and Jackson SP (1995) Menage a` trois: double strand break repair, V(D)J recombination and DNA\u2010PK. BioEssays, 17, 949\u2013957.","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(98)01511-X","volume":"14","author":"PA Jeggo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jeggo PA, Carr AM and Lehmann AR (1998) Splitting the ATM: distinct repair and checkpoint defects in ataxia\u2013telangiectasia. Trends Genet, 14, 312\u2013316.","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90593-2","volume":"71","author":"MB Kastan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kastan MB, Zhan Q, el\u2010Deiry WS, Carrier F, Jacks T, Walsh WV, Plunkett BS, Vogelstein B and Fornace AJ,Jr (1992) A mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway utilising p53 and GADD45 is defective in ataxia telangiectasia. Cell, 71, 587\u2013597.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR26","first-page":"255","volume":"166","author":"LM Kemp","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kemp LM and Jeggo PA (1986) Radiation\u2010induced chromosome damage in X\u2010ray sensitive mutants (xrs) of the Chinese hamster ovary cell line. Mutat Res, 166, 255\u2013263.","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/3882","volume":"20","author":"KK Khanna","year":"1998","unstructured":"Khanna KK et al. (1998) ATM associates with and phosphorylates p53: mapping the region of interaction. Nature Genet, 20, 398\u2013400.","journal-title":"Nature Genet"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.177","volume":"15","author":"MF Lavin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lavin MF and Shiloh Y (1997) The genetic defect in ataxia telangiectasia. Annu Rev Immunol, 15, 177\u2013202.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7133","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.12.7133","volume":"16","author":"D\u2010S Lim","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lim D\u2010S and Hasty P (1996) A mutation in mouse rad51 results in an early embryonic lethal that is suppressed by a mutation in p53. Mol Cell Biol, 16, 7133\u20137143.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR30","first-page":"7222","volume":"13","author":"VF Liu","year":"1993","unstructured":"Liu VF and Weaver DT (1993) The ionizing radiation\u2010induced replication protein A phosphorylation response differs between ataxia telangiectasia and normal human cells. Mol Cell Biol, 13, 7222\u20137231.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4497","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.8.4497","volume":"271","author":"C\u2010M Luo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Luo C\u2010M, Tang W, Mekeel KL, DeFrank JS, Ann\u00e9 PR and Powell SN (1996) High frequency and error\u2010prone DNA recombination in ataxia telangiectasia cell lines. J Biol Chem, 271, 4497\u20134503.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80773-4","volume":"97","author":"SG Martin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Martin SG, Laroche T, Suka N, Grunstein M and Gasser SM (1999) Relocalization of telomeric Ku and SIR proteins in response to DNA strand breaks in yeast. Cell, 97, 621\u2013633.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6087","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.10.6087","volume":"17","author":"RS Maser","year":"1997","unstructured":"Maser RS, Monsen KJ, Nelms BE and Petrini JHJ (1997) hMre11 and Rad50 nuclear foci are induced during the normal cellular response to DNA double\u2010strand breaks. Mol Cell Biol, 17, 6087\u20136096.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5395.1893","volume":"282","author":"S Matsuoka","year":"1998","unstructured":"Matsuoka S, Huang M and Elledge SJ (1998) Linkage of ATM to cell cycle regulation by the Chk2 protein kinase. Science, 282, 1893\u20131897.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8493577","volume":"260","author":"MS Meyn","year":"1993","unstructured":"Meyn MS (1993) High spontaneous intrachromosomal recombination rates in ataxia\u2013telangiectasia. Science, 260, 1327\u20131330.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR36","first-page":"5991","volume":"55","author":"MS Meyn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Meyn MS (1995) Ataxia telangietasia and cellular responses to DNA damage. Cancer Res, 55, 5991\u20136001.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR37","first-page":"71","volume":"221","author":"MS Meyn","year":"1997","unstructured":"Meyn MS (1997) Chromosome instability syndromes: lessons for carcinogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 221, 71\u2013148.","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80772-2","volume":"97","author":"KD Mills","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mills KD, Sinclair DA and Guarente L (1999) MEC1\u2010dependent redistribution of the Sir3 silencing protein from telomeres to DNA double\u2010strand breaks. Cell, 97, 609\u2013620.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.4.2020","volume":"17","author":"SE Morgan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Morgan SE, Lovly CC, Pandita TK, Shiloh Y and Kastan MB (1997) Fragments of ATM which have dominant\u2010negative or complementing activity. Mol Cell Biol, 17, 2020\u20132029.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/24.11.2053","volume":"24","author":"C Morrison","year":"1996","unstructured":"Morrison C and Wagner E (1996) Extrachromosomal recombination occurs efficiently in cells defective in various DNA repair systems. Nucleic Acids Res, 24, 2053\u20132058.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7315","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7315","volume":"77","author":"RB Painter","year":"1980","unstructured":"Painter RB and Young BR (1980) Radiosensitivity in ataxia\u2013telangiectasia: a new explanation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 77, 7315\u20137317.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81870-X","volume":"88","author":"AG Paulovich","year":"1997","unstructured":"Paulovich AG, Toczyski DP and Hartwell LH (1997) When checkpoints fail. Cell, 88, 315\u2013321.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/30037","volume":"393","author":"G Petukhova","year":"1998","unstructured":"Petukhova G, Stratton S and Sung P (1998) Catalysis of homologous DNA pairing by yeast Rad51 and Rad54 proteins. Nature, 393, 91\u201394.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(93)90053-J","volume":"294","author":"S Powell","year":"1993","unstructured":"Powell S, Whitaker S, Peacock J and McMillan T (1993) Ataxia telangiectasia: an investigation of the repair defect in the cell line AT5BIVA by plasmid reconstitution. Mutat Res, 294, 9\u201320.","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7792600","volume":"268","author":"K Savitsky","year":"1995","unstructured":"Savitsky K et al. (1995a) A single ataxia telangiectasia gene with a product similar to PI\u20103 kinase. Science, 268, 1749\u20131753.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/4.11.2025","volume":"4","author":"K Savitsky","year":"1995","unstructured":"Savitsky K, Sfez S, Tagle D, Ziv Y, Sartiel A, Collins FS, Shiloh Y and Rotman G (1995b) The complete sequence of the coding region of the ATM gene reveals similarity to cell cycle regulators in different species. Hum Mol Genet, 4, 2025\u20132032.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1038\/387520a0","volume":"387","author":"T Shafman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shafman T et al. (1997) Interaction between ATM protein and c\u2010Abl in response to DNA damage. Nature, 387, 520\u2013523.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.31.1.635","volume":"31","author":"Y Shiloh","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shiloh Y (1997) Ataxia telangiectasia and the Nijmegen breakage syndrome: related disorders but genes apart. Annu Rev Genet, 31, 635\u2013662.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.8.916","volume":"13","author":"GCM Smith","year":"1999","unstructured":"Smith GCM and Jackson SP (1999) The DNA\u2010dependent protein kinase. Genes Dev, 13, 916\u2013934.","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.2.598","volume":"17","author":"E Sonoda","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sonoda E, Sasaki MS, Buerstedde J\u2010M, Bezzubova O, Shinohara A, Ogawa H, Takata M, Yamaguchi\u2010Iwai Y and Takeda S (1998) Rad51\u2010deficient vertebrate cells accumulate chromosomal breaks prior to cell death. EMBO J, 17, 598\u2013608.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5166","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.7.5166","volume":"19","author":"E Sonoda","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sonoda E, Sasaki MS, Morrison C, Yamaguchi\u2010Iwai Y, Takata M and Takeda S (1999) Sister chromatid exchanges are mediated by homologous recombination in vertebrate cells. Mol Cell Biol, 19, 5166\u20135169.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28292","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.43.28292","volume":"273","author":"SMA Swagemakers","year":"1998","unstructured":"Swagemakers SMA, Essers J, De Witt J, Hoeijmakers JHJ and Kanaar R (1998) The human Rad54 recombinational DNA repair protein is a double\u2010stranded DNA\u2010dependent ATPase. J Biol Chem, 273, 28292\u201328297.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7002","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203172","volume":"18","author":"N Takao","year":"1999","unstructured":"Takao N et al. (1999) Disruption of ATM in p53\u2010null cells causes multiple functional abnormalities in cellular response to ionizing radiation. Oncogene, 18, 7002\u20137009.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.1.31","volume":"184","author":"M Takata","year":"1996","unstructured":"Takata M and Kurosaki T (1996) A role for Bruton's tyrosine kinase in B cell antigen receptor\u2010mediated activation of phospholipase C\u2010\u03b32. J Exp Med, 184, 31\u201340.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5497","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.18.5497","volume":"17","author":"M Takata","year":"1998","unstructured":"Takata M, Sasaki MS, Sonoda E, Morrison C, Hashimoto M, Utsumi H, Yamaguchi\u2010Iwai Y, Shinohara A and Takeda S (1998) Homologous recombination and non\u2010homologous end\u2010joining pathways of DNA double\u2010strand break repair have overlapping roles in the maintenance of chromosomal integrity in vertebrate cells. EMBO J, 17, 5497\u20135508.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(99)80142-0","volume":"9","author":"TLR Tan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tan TLR, Essers J, Citterio E, Swagemakers SMA, De Wit J, Benson FE, Hoeijmakers JHJ and Kanaar R (1999) Mouse Rad54 affects DNA conformation and DNA\u2010damage\u2010induced Rad51 foci formation. Curr Biol, 9, 325\u2013328.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR57","first-page":"2165","volume":"12","author":"S Tashiro","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tashiro S, Kotomura N, Shinohara A, Tanaka K, Ueda K and Kamada N (1996) S phase specific formation of the human Rad51 protein nuclear foci in lymphocytes. Oncogene, 12, 2165\u20132170.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/258427a0","volume":"258","author":"AMR Taylor","year":"1975","unstructured":"Taylor AMR, Harnden DG, Arlett CF, Harcourt SA, Lehmann AR, Stevens S and Bridges BA (1975) Ataxia\u2013telangiectasia: a human mutation with abnormal radiation sensitivity. Nature, 258, 427\u2013429.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/260441a0","volume":"260","author":"AMR Taylor","year":"1976","unstructured":"Taylor AMR, Metcalfe JA, Oxford JM and Harnden DG (1976) Is chromatid\u2010type damage in ataxia telangiectasia after irradiation at G0 a consequence of defective repair? Nature, 260, 441\u2013443.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(89)90024-9","volume":"220","author":"J Thacker","year":"1989","unstructured":"Thacker J (1989) The use of integrating DNA vectors to analyse the molecular defects in ionising radiation\u2010sensitive mutants of mammalian cells including ataxia telangiectasia. Mutat Res, 220, 187\u2013204.","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1080\/09553009414551671","volume":"66","author":"J Thacker","year":"1994","unstructured":"Thacker J (1994) Cellular radiosensitivity in ataxia\u2013telangiectasia. Int J Radiat Biol, 66, S87\u2013S96.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6236","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.13.6236","volume":"93","author":"T Tsuzuki","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tsuzuki T, Fujii Y, Sakumi K, Tominaga Y, Nakao K, Sekiguchi M, Matsushiro A, Yoshimura Y and Morita T (1996) Targeted disruption of the Rad51 gene leads to lethality in embryonic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93, 6236\u20136240.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1996.0201","volume":"33","author":"T Uziel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Uziel T et al. (1996) Genomic organization of the ATM gene. Genomics, 33, 317\u2013320.","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(00)89121-0","volume":"11","author":"DT Weaver","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weaver DT (1995) What to do at an end: DNA double\u2010strand\u2010break repair. Trends Genet, 11, 388\u2013392.","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/271261a0","volume":"271","author":"RR Weichselbaum","year":"1978","unstructured":"Weichselbaum RR, Nove J and Little JB (1978) Deficient recovery from potentially lethal radiation damage in ataxia telangiectasia and xeroderma pigmentosum. Nature, 271, 261\u2013262.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(06)00406-4","volume":"7","author":"CH Westphal","year":"1997","unstructured":"Westphal CH (1997) Cell cycle signalling: Atm displays its many talents. Curr Biol, 7, R789\u2013R792.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1201793","volume":"16","author":"G Xie","year":"1998","unstructured":"Xie G, Habbersett RC, Jia Y, Peterson SR, Lehnert BE, Bradbury EM and D'Anna JA (1998) Requirements for p53 and the ATM gene product in the regulation of G1\/S and S phase checkpoints. Oncogene, 16, 721\u2013736.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.10.19.2401","volume":"10","author":"Y Xu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Xu Y and Baltimore D (1996) Dual roles of ATM in the cellular response to radiation and in cell growth control. Genes Dev, 10, 2401\u20132410.","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3799","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.7.3799","volume":"273","author":"Z\u2010M Yuan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yuan Z\u2010M et al. (1998) Regulation of Rad51 function by c\u2010Abl in response to DNA damage. J Biol Chem, 273, 3799\u20133802.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7592156_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90463-8","volume":"82","author":"VA Zakian","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zakian VA (1995) ATM\u2010related genes: what do they tell us about functions of the human gene? Cell, 82, 685\u2013687.","journal-title":"Cell"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7592190","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,15]],"date-time":"2000-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":950572800000}}],"container-title":["The EMBO Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1093%2Femboj%2F19.3.463","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1093\/emboj\/19.3.463.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1093\/emboj\/19.3.463\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1093\/emboj\/19.3.463","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1093\/emboj\/19.3.463.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T18:22:52Z","timestamp":1779301372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1093\/emboj\/19.3.463"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BFEMBJ7592156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/emboj\/19.3.463","relation":{},"ISSN":["0261-4189","1460-2075"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0261-4189","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2075","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 July 1999","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 November 1999","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 1999","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2000","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2000","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Erratum","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"An Erratum to this paper has been published:","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.emboj.7592190","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.emboj.7592190","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}