{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T08:15:57Z","timestamp":1776500157721,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":281,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 40\u2009years of intense study on HIV\/AIDS, scientists have identified, among other things, at risk populations, stages of disease progression and treatment strategies. What has received less attention is the possibility that infection might elicit an increase in sexual behavior in humans. In 2000, Starks and colleagues speculated that HIV infection could alter host behavior in a manner that facilitated the spread of the virus. Retrospective and self-report data from five studies now support this hypothesis. Individuals with acute\u2014versus nonacute\u2014stage infections report more sexual partners and more frequent risky sex. Additionally, male sexual behavior increases nonlinearly with HIV viral load, and data suggest a potential threshold viral level above which individuals are more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior. Taken together, these data suggest that HIV infection influences male sexual behavior in a manner beneficial to the virus. Here, we present these findings, highlight their limitations and discuss alternative perspectives. We argue for increased testing of this hypothesis and advocate for increased public health measures to mitigate the putative impact on male sexual behavior.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Lay Summary In 2000, Starks and colleagues speculated that HIV infection could alter host behavior in a manner that facilitated the spread of the virus. Retrospective and self-report data from five studies now support this hypothesis. We argue for increased testing of this hypothesis and advocate for increased public health measures to mitigate the putative impact on male sexual behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/emph\/eoaa030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T19:12:32Z","timestamp":1595617952000},"page":"174-180","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Does HIV infection increase male sexual behavior?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Philip T","family":"Starks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maxfield M G","family":"Kelsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rosania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA"},{"name":"PO Box 93, Rye Beach, NH 03871, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne M","family":"Getz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3112, USA"},{"name":"School of Mathematical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020101209042974300_eoaa030-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1011874","article-title":"Acute HIV-1 Infection","volume":"364","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020101209042974300_eoaa030-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199104043241405","article-title":"Transient high levels of viremia in patients with primary human 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