{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T05:46:07Z","timestamp":1785649567063,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":298,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH\/NIA","award":["R01AG024119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG024119"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIA","award":["RF1AG054442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1AG054442"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and humans share long co-evolutionary histories over which STHs have evolved strategies to permit their persistence by downregulating host immunity. Understanding the interactions between STHs and other pathogens can inform our understanding of human evolution and contemporary disease patterns.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We worked with Tsimane forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon, where STHs are prevalent. We tested whether STHs and eosinophil levels\u2014likely indicative of infection in this population\u2014are associated with dampened immune responses to in vitro stimulation with H1N1 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens. Whole blood samples (n\u2009=\u2009179) were treated with H1N1 vaccine and LPS and assayed for 13 cytokines (INF-\u03b3, IL-1\u03b2, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, GM-CSF and TNF-\u0251). We evaluated how STHs and eosinophil levels affected cytokine responses and T helper (Th) 1 and Th2-cytokine suite responses to stimulation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Infection with Ascaris lumbricoides was significantly (P\u2009\u2264\u20090.05) associated with lower response of some cytokines to H1N1 and LPS in women. Eosinophils were significantly negatively associated with some cytokine responses to H1N1 and LPS, with the strongest effects in women, and associated with a reduced Th1- and Th2-cytokine response to H1N1 and LPS in women and men.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions and implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Consistent with the \u2018old friends\u2019 and hygiene hypotheses, we find that STHs were associated with dampened cytokine responses to certain viral and bacterial antigens. This suggests that STH infections may play an essential role in immune response regulation and that the lack of STH immune priming in industrialized populations may increase the risk of over-reactive immunity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Lay Summary: Indicators of helminth infection were associated with dampened cytokine immune responses to in vitro stimulation with viral and bacterial antigens in Tsimane forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon, consistent with the \u2018old friends\u2019 and hygiene hypotheses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/emph\/eoab035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T21:16:54Z","timestamp":1634937414000},"page":"349-359","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Helminth infection is associated with dampened cytokine responses to viral and bacterial stimulations in Tsimane forager-horticulturalists"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2699-5304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"India A","family":"Schneider-Crease","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5871-9865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron D","family":"Blackwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas S","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Emery Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Maldonado Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel K","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5985-9643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Stieglitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah","family":"Snyder-Mackler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5661-527X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Gurven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hillard","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin C","family":"Trumble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"},{"name":"School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1093\/emph\/eot004","article-title":"Microbial \u201cOld Friends\u201d, immunoregulation and stress resilience","volume":"2013","author":"Rook","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evol Med Public Health"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B2","first-page":"20131671","article-title":"Antagonism between two intestinal parasites in humans: the importance of co-infection for infection risk and recovery dynamics","volume":"280","author":"Blackwell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1086\/706768","article-title":"The exposome in human evolution: from dust to diesel","volume":"94","author":"Trumble","year":"2019","journal-title":"Q Rev Biol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/emph\/eoaa037","article-title":"Old friends meet a new foe: a potential role for immune-priming parasites in mitigating COVID-19 morbidity and mortality","volume":"2020","author":"Cepon-Robins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evol Med Public Health"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1126\/science.296.5567.490","article-title":"Allergy, parasites, and the hygiene hypothesis","volume":"296","author":"Yazdanbakhsh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24110","article-title":"Does exposure to parasites modify relationships between diurnal cortisol and leukocytes among Honduran women?","volume":"173","author":"Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2019.04.008","article-title":"The pregnancy pickle: evolved immune compensation due to pregnancy underlies sex differences in human diseases","volume":"35","author":"Natri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0330-5","article-title":"Will helminth co-infection modulate COVID-19 severity in endemic regions?","volume":"20","author":"Bradbury","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.07.007","article-title":"Regulation of the host immune system by helminth parasites","volume":"138","author":"Maizels","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7258.424","article-title":"Th1 and Th2 responses: what are they?","volume":"321","author":"Berger","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(96)80606-2","article-title":"The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more","volume":"17","author":"Mosmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.05.004","article-title":"Th2 and Th1 responses: clear and hidden sides of immunity against intestinal helminths","volume":"33","author":"Cort\u00e9s","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13190","article-title":"Regulatory T-cells in helminth infection: induction, function and therapeutic potential","volume":"160","author":"White","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2006.00879.x","article-title":"Parasitic worms and inflammatory diseases","volume":"28","author":"Zaccone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6710.1259","article-title":"Hay fever, hygiene, and household size","volume":"299","author":"Strachan","year":"1989","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12526","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1604570113","article-title":"Community deworming alleviates geohelminth-induced immune hyporesponsiveness","volume":"113","author":"Wammes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-017-0629-x","article-title":"Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology","volume":"39","author":"Channappanavar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0305-6","article-title":"In the eye of the COVID-19 cytokine storm","volume":"20","author":"Vaninov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-22094-5_18","volume-title":"Cytokine Storm Syndrome","author":"Eloseily","year":"2019"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2006.00901.x","article-title":"Co-infection of helminths and malaria: modulation of the immune responses to malaria","volume":"28","author":"Hartgers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008505","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008505","article-title":"The global progress of soil-transmitted helminthiases control in 2020 and World Health Organization targets for 2030","volume":"14","author":"Montresor","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.07.004","article-title":"Human mobility and the global spread of infectious diseases: a focus on air travel","volume":"34","author":"Findlater","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.21515","article-title":"The Tsimane health and life history project: integrating anthropology and biomedicine","volume":"26","author":"Gurven","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evol Anthropol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2016.1189963","article-title":"Immune function in Amazonian horticulturalists","volume":"43","author":"Blackwell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy250","article-title":"Nutrition transition in 2 lowland Bolivian subsistence populations","volume":"108","author":"Kraft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1218","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001218","article-title":"Evidence for a peak shift in a humoral response to helminths: age profiles of IgE in the Shuar of Ecuador, the Tsimane of Bolivia, and the U.S. NHANES","volume":"5","author":"Blackwell","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac7902","article-title":"Helminth infection, fecundity, and age of first pregnancy in women","volume":"350","author":"Blackwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2016.1189963","article-title":"Immune function in Amazonian horticulturalists","volume":"43","author":"Blackwell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23356","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23356","article-title":"Relationship of sanitation, water boiling, and mosquito nets to health biomarkers in a rural subsistence population","volume":"32","author":"Dinkel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00109","article-title":"Structural modifications of bacterial lipopolysaccharide that facilitate gram-negative bacteria evasion of host innate immunity","volume":"4","author":"Matsuura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0148","article-title":"On sexual dimorphism in immune function","volume":"364","author":"Nunn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90","article-title":"Sex differences in immune responses","volume":"16","author":"Klein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.05.020","article-title":"Evaluation of Kato\u2013Katz examination method in three areas with low-level endemicity of schistosomiasis japonica in China: a Bayesian modeling approach","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1969","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001969","article-title":"An in-depth analysis of a piece of shit: distribution of Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm eggs in human stool","volume":"6","author":"Krauth","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000051763","article-title":"Daily egg production of Ascaris lumbricoides: the distribution of eggs in the faeces and the variability of egg counts","volume":"84","author":"Sinniah","year":"1982","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.10.050","article-title":"The role of eosinophils in host defense against helminth parasites","volume":"113","author":"Klion","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1086\/338026","article-title":"Diagnostic significance of blood eosinophilia in returning travelers","volume":"34","author":"Schulte","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1210.060102","article-title":"Helminth-related Eosinophilia in African immigrants, Gran Canaria","volume":"12","author":"Pardo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix416","article-title":"Effect of anthelmintic treatment on insulin resistance: a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Indonesia","volume":"65","author":"Tahapary","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B40","first-page":"182","article-title":"Association of deworming with reduced eosinophilia: implications for HIV\/AIDS and co-endemic diseases: research letters","volume":"99","author":"Fincham","year":"2003","journal-title":"S Afr J Sci"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.12.010","article-title":"Performance of the whole-blood stimulation assay for assessing innate immune activation under field conditions","volume":"45","author":"May","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23054","article-title":"Associations between male testosterone and immune function in a pathogenically stressed forager-horticultural population","volume":"161","author":"Trumble","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.05.008","article-title":"Depression as sickness behavior? A test of the host defense hypothesis in a high pathogen population","volume":"49","author":"Stieglitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.07.017","article-title":"Interferons and proinflammatory cytokines in pregnancy and fetal development","volume":"49","author":"Yockey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1093\/emph\/eoaa022","article-title":"Immune function during pregnancy varies between ecologically distinct populations","volume":"2020","author":"Hov\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evol Med Public Health"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2019-300117","article-title":"How to perform a meta-analysis with R: a practical tutorial","volume":"22","author":"Balduzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment Health"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32833cf3bc","article-title":"Conceptual and methodological issues relevant to cytokine and inflammatory marker measurements in clinical research","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.001045","article-title":"TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties","volume":"7","author":"Mosmann","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B49","first-page":"77","article-title":"Reference values for the total and differential leukocyte count","volume":"11","author":"van Assendelft","year":"1985","journal-title":"Blood Cells"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0141-9838.2004.00730.x","article-title":"Immunity, immunoregulation and the ecology of trichuriasis and ascariasis","volume":"26","author":"Bradley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002520","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002520","article-title":"Characterising the mucosal and systemic immune responses to experimental human hookworm infection","volume":"8","author":"Gaze","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2009.10.009","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis and the immune response","volume":"59","author":"Iriemenam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26050","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026050","article-title":"Cytokine response patterns in severe pandemic 2009 H1N1 and seasonal influenza among hospitalized adults","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00636-12","article-title":"Targeting the \u201cCytokine Storm\u201d for therapeutic benefit","volume":"20","author":"D'Elia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28680","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028680","article-title":"Intensive cytokine induction in pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection accompanied by robust production of IL-10 and IL-6","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200007)30:7<2083::AID-IMMU2083>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Gastrointestinal nematode expulsion in IL-4 knockout mice is IL-13 dependent","volume":"30","author":"Bancroft","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.127750","article-title":"Chemokines responses to ascaris lumbricoides sole infection and co-infection with hookworm among Nigerians","volume":"6","author":"Asemota","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02155-8_4","volume-title":"Sex Hormones and Immunity to Infection","author":"Klein","year":"2010"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.3.476-488.2001","article-title":"Sex-associated hormones and immunity to protozoan parasites","volume":"14","author":"Roberts","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0148","article-title":"On sexual dimorphism in immune function","volume":"364","author":"Nunn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02155-8_7","volume-title":"Sex Hormones and Immunity to Infection","author":"Escobedo","year":"2010"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0811427","article-title":"Mechanisms of sex disparities in influenza pathogenesis","volume":"92","author":"Klein","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20419","article-title":"Testosterone-mediated immune functions and male life histories","volume":"17","author":"Muehlenbein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2020.04.001","article-title":"WEIRD bodies: mismatch, medicine and missing diversity","volume":"41","author":"Gurven","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evol Hum Behav"},{"key":"2021120110554057700_eoab035-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.04.083","article-title":"Poor immunogenicity of BCG in helminth infected population is associated with increased in vitro TGF-beta production","volume":"26","author":"Elias","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"}],"container-title":["Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/emph\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/emph\/eoab035\/40863978\/eoab035.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/emph\/article-pdf\/9\/1\/349\/41394379\/eoab035.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/emph\/article-pdf\/9\/1\/349\/41394379\/eoab035.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T15:15:13Z","timestamp":1638371713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/emph\/article\/9\/1\/349\/6410648"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/emph\/eoab035","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-6201"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-6201","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}}}