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This perspective may provide insights for understanding human milk immune content variation, such as milk sIgA, which protects infants\u2019 intestines from microbial colonization and prevents diarrheal disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate how maternal delivery of sIgA to milk may vary in a way that can buffer milk against maternal malnutrition, while taking into consideration infants\u2019 varying needs for immune protection across age or by sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study analyzed archived milk specimens from breastfeeding mothers in Ariaal communities of northern Kenya surveyed during the 2006 Horn-of-Africa drought. Multiple regression models for ln-transformed sIgA were constructed using maternal nutrition, infant age\/sex and their interactions as predictors. Maternal nutrition variables included iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Infant vulnerability was considered high in young age and\/or male sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Milk sIgA did not significantly differ by maternal IDA. Milk sIgA increased with infant age and maternal MUAC (n = 202). Significant interactions were observed between infant age and maternal VAD and between infant sex and maternal MUAC, such that milk sIgA content was low for younger infants particularly among VAD mothers, while among mothers with low MUAC, sIgA was lower for male infants. Results imply that mothers\u2019 ability to deliver\/buffer milk sIgA may be lowered when nutritional stress is combined with high infant vulnerability to infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human milk sIgA antibody content was low for younger infants among vitamin A deficient mothers. Among mothers with small arm-circumference, milk sIgA was lower for sons. Double burden of raising young or male infants with high needs for immune protection and being malnourished, might lower maternal sIgA delivery to milk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/emph\/eoz030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]],"date-time":"2019-11-09T20:09:24Z","timestamp":1573330164000},"page":"201-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Human milk sIgA antibody in relation to maternal nutrition and infant vulnerability in northern Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9173-6678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masako","family":"Fujita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"},{"name":"Biomarker Laboratory for Anthropological Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Wander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory for Anthropometry and Biomarkers, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nerli","family":"Paredes Ruvalcaba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"},{"name":"Biomarker Laboratory for Anthropological Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Brindle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020051206075508500_eoz030-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22334","article-title":"Field and laboratory methods in human milk research","volume":"25","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"2020051206075508500_eoz030-B2","first-page":"S78","article-title":"Body mass index and lactation performance","volume":"48","author":"Prentice","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2020051206075508500_eoz030-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19810127","article-title":"Breast-milk fat concentrations of rural african women: 1. 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