{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:22:20Z","timestamp":1791829340163,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Seed Fund for Basic Research","award":["104004734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104004734"]}]},{"name":"University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection, causing significant morbidity and economic burden. Strategies like national screening programs or home-testing kits were introduced in some developed countries, yet their effectiveness remains controversial. In this systematic review, we examined reviews of chlamydia screening interventions to assess their effectiveness and the elements that contribute to their success to guide public policy and future research. We assessed English material published after 2000 in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the British Nursing Index, Medical Database, and Sociological Abstracts, in addition to World Health Organization Global Health Sector Strategies, the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control guidelines, and the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Systematic reviews that focused on chlamydia screening interventions were included. Using the socioecological model, we examined the levels of interventions that may affect the uptake of chlamydia screening. A total of 19 systematic reviews were included. Self-collection in home-testing kits significantly increased screening among girls and women 14\u201350 years of age. At the organizational level, using electronic health records and not creating additional costs facilitated testing. At the community level, outreach interventions in community and parent centers and homeless shelters achieved high screening rates. At the policy level, interventions with educational and advisory elements could result in significant improvements in screening rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxz007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T11:40:57Z","timestamp":1568115657000},"page":"168-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Systematic Literature Review of Reviews on the Effectiveness of Chlamydia Testing"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"William Chi Wai","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Department of General Practice, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie Tsz Hei","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmond Pui Hang","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph D","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC"},{"name":"Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher K","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Centre for Clinical Research in Infection and Sexual Health, Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021052713042584700_ref1","volume-title":"WHO Guidelines for the Treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021052713042584700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318285c6d2","article-title":"The estimated direct medical cost of selected sexually transmitted infections in the United States, 2008","volume":"40","author":"Owusu-Edusei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021052713042584700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2013.10.005","article-title":"Valuing the health states associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infections and their sequelae: a systematic review of economic evaluations and primary studies","volume":"17","author":"Jackson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Value Health."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021052713042584700_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2006.06.003","article-title":"A review on infection with Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"20","author":"Manavi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021052713042584700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1412935","article-title":"Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women","volume":"376","author":"Wiesenfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Eng J Med."},{"key":"2021052713042584700_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c1642","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c1642","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of screening for Chlamydia trachomatis to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease: the POPI (prevention of pelvic infection) trial","volume":"340","author":"Oakeshott","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021052713042584700_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199207000-00001","article-title":"Pelvic inflammatory disease and fertility. 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