{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:55:23Z","timestamp":1791276923530,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014840","name":"Federal Joint Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01NVF18037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01NVF18037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014840","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current physical activity guidelines often rely on self-reported or short-term device-based monitoring. We analysed long-term activity data via acceleration and continuous optical heart rate measurement and hypothesised a temporal association between volume and intensity and health-related outcomes in heart failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective observational trial reanalysed longitudinal data from 156 patients with heart failure at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. A multisensory activity tracker captured daily step count and continuous heart rate data over a 1-min sampling interval from patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class I (n = 66) and Class II\/III (n = 90) over 12 months. Linear mixed-effects models and univariate linear regression models were used to assess the associations between step count, moderate physical activity (MPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) and health-related outcomes [cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, systemic inflammation levels, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ)].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with NYHA I and NYHA II\/III spent a median (interquartile range) of only 225 (105;412) vs 167 (72;326) min per week with MPA, 17 (7;44) vs 9 (4;23) min per week with VPA, and 8021 (6474;9910) vs 6438 (5181;8627) steps per day, respectively. VPA was positively associated with maximum oxygen uptake (ml\/kg\/min) (VO2max; \u03b2=3.815, 95% CI [1.430\u201310.186], P = .008), and MPA was inversely associated with NT-proBNP (pg\/ml) (\u03b2=\u22120.189, 95% CI [\u22120.353 to \u22120.025], P = .024). For step count, a positive association with VO2max (ml\/kg\/min) (\u03b2=0.545, 95% CI [0.295\u20130.795], P &amp;lt; .001), and a negative association with fat mass (%) (\u03b2=\u22121.058, 95% CI [\u22121.441 to \u22120.674], P &amp;lt; .001), C-reactive protein (mg\/l) (\u03b2=\u22120.057, 95% CI [\u22120.097 to \u22120.017], P = .005), and interleukin-6 (pg\/ml) (\u03b2=\u22120.022, 95% CI [\u22120.043 to \u22120.001], P = .041) was observed. Absolute changes (\u0394) for improved VO2max (ml\/kg\/min) (r = 0.197, P = .043) and reduced fat mass (%) (r = 0.205, P = .014) were associated with VPA between baseline and 12 months. No relationship was found with KCCQ.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term device-based physical activity monitoring showed that patients with heart failure met recommendations for MPA, yet vigorous activity exceeding 60% of heart rate reserve was almost entirely absent. Higher aerobic physical activity was associated with greater VO2max, lower fat mass, reduced systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6), and lower NT-proBNP, but not with KCCQ, whereas only VPA, unlike MPA, was associated with higher VO2max and lower fat mass.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eschf\/xvag194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T11:39:35Z","timestamp":1784029175000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measuring long-term physical activity in patients with heart failure and its relation to health-related outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Leps","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre, Department of Operative Medicine, University of Leipzig , Liebigstra\u00dfe 20, Haus 4, Leipzig 04103 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