{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:27:36Z","timestamp":1786724856344,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P3-0339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0339"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P3-0456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J3-70143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J3-70143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Agency\u2019s Young Researcher Training Programme","award":["630-141\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["630-141\/2020-4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited health literacy is common among patients with heart failure (HF), and the relative importance of general and disease-specific health literacy for patient outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate general and disease-specific health literacy in patients with HF and to examine their association with behavioural, patient-reported and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective observational study included 126 outpatients with HF (mean age 69 \u00b1 11 years; 71% male) who were followed for 6 months. General health literacy was assessed using the Brief Health Literacy Screen (BHLS), and disease-specific health literacy using the Heart Failure-Specific Health Literacy Scale (HFsHLS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The two measures were moderately positively correlated (Spearman's \u03c1 = 0.49, P &amp;lt; .001), indicating partial overlap. Limited general health literacy (BHLS \u2264 9) was identified in 22% of patients and was associated with lower educational level, more depressive symptoms, higher NT-proBNP levels, and a greater number of prescribed medications (all P &amp;lt; .05). In univariable analyses, both health literacy measures were associated with better HF-related knowledge (P = .004 and .049), higher health-related quality of life (P &amp;lt; .001 and .007), and better self-rated health (P &amp;lt; .001 for both), which was not sustained after multivariable adjustment. Additionally, disease-specific health literacy was associated with self-care behaviours (P = .033), also after multivariable adjustment (P = .026). Neither measure was independently associated with clinical outcomes (death, HF hospitalization, emergency department visit); however, patients with limited general health literacy showed numerically higher event rates and a tendency towards increased risk of clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with HF, limited general health literacy was observed in 22% of patients. General and disease-specific health literacy measures were not interchangeable, and only disease-specific health literacy showed an independent association with self-care behaviours. A tendency towards less favourable clinical outcomes was observed among patients with limited general health literacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eschf\/xvag204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T11:57:50Z","timestamp":1784721470000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["General and disease-specific health literacy in patients with heart failure: an outcome analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1566-0498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klara","family":"Rebernik Grah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health , Trubarjeva cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana ,","place":["Slovenia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana ,","place":["Slovenia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5922-4098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitja","family":"Lainscak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana ,","place":["Slovenia"]},{"name":"General Hospital Murska Sobota , Raki\u010dan, Ulica dr. 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