{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T22:39:11Z","timestamp":1774305551165,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005754","name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALFGBG-726821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-726821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005754","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["322656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["322656"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["318075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["318075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["286246"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["286246"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District research fund","award":["TYH2018318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TYH2018318"]}]},{"name":"Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District research fund","award":["TYH2014407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TYH2014407"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Familial aggregation of stroke is well-documented, yet few studies have examined associations between stroke subtypes\u2014particularly early-onset cryptogenic ischaemic stroke (eCIS)\u2014and broader family history (FH) of cardiovascular disease. Such associations may provide insights into underlying etiologic mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this multicentre case\u2013control study, we included eCIS patients aged 18\u201349 years and matched stroke-free controls. We analysed the association between FH of stroke, venous thromboembolism (VTE), coronary artery disease (CAD), aneurysms and eCIS using multivariable logistic regression, with a subgroup analysis stratifying patients by high-risk patent foramen ovale (HR-PFO).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 508 eCIS patients (182 [36%] with HR-PFO) and 520 controls. Compared with controls, patients more frequently reported FH of stroke among first-degree relatives (FDR) (20% vs. 14%, P\u00a0=\u00a0.01) and grandparents (47% vs. 39%, P\u00a0=\u00a0.01), FH of early-onset stroke among FDR (5% vs. 2%, P\u00a0=\u00a0.01) and FH of early-onset VTE among FDR (5% vs. 2%, P\u00a0=\u00a0.003). In adjusted analyses, eCIS was associated with FH of stroke among FDR (OR 1.50; 95% CI, 1.04\u20132.16) and grandparents (1.50; 1.12\u20131.99), with FH of early-onset stroke among FDR (2.36; 1.11\u20135.04); and with FH of early-onset VTE among FDR (3.45; 1.47\u20138.13). eCIS was also associated with FH of VTE among FDR (1.80, 1.09\u20132.98) in the presence of HR-PFO. FH of CAD or aneurysms was not associated with eCIS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FH of stroke and VTE, particularly early-onset events and in the presence of HR-PFO, are associated with eCIS. These findings support familial predisposition and highlight prothrombotic mechanisms in eCIS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>www.clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT01934725<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/esj\/aakag013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T02:31:08Z","timestamp":1772850668000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Family history of stroke and cardiovascular diseases in early-onset cryptogenic ischaemic stroke"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0731-8296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian C","family":"Sihvo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki 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