{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:40:58Z","timestamp":1792687258148,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dementia is a common and disabling complication after stroke. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (EXCR) may influence vascular and inflammatory mechanisms relevant to cognitive decline. We investigated the association between EXCR initiation after stroke and incident dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using TriNetX, we identified adults with ischaemic stroke or TIA. Patients with recorded ICD-10-CM codes indicating an NIHSS score\u00a0\u2265\u00a016 were excluded from the primary analysis. Patients initiating EXCR within 6\u00a0months were compared with those without documented post-index EXCR. Propensity score matching balanced demographics, comorbidities, medication use and available stroke-severity measures. Outcomes were assessed at 3 and 5\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The unmatched cohorts included 4226 patients initiating EXCR (mean age, 64.7\u00a0years; 60.8% male) and 1,889,796 without EXCR (mean age, 66.3\u00a0years; 48.2% male). After matching, 4138 patients remained in each cohort. At 5\u00a0years, EXCR was associated with lower hazards of incident dementia (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.59\u20130.82), all-cause mortality (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.45\u20130.55) and recurrent stroke (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61\u20130.91), but a higher hazard of rehospitalisation (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06\u20131.38); no significant association was observed for acute myocardial infarction. The association with incident dementia remained consistent across sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The observed association with lower dementia risk suggests that the potential benefits of post-stroke EXCR may extend beyond cardiovascular and functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EXCR initiation after ischaemic stroke or TIA was associated with a lower hazard of incident dementia. This association remained consistent across the 3-year, 30-day landmark, 1-year lagged and all-stroke-severity sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/esj\/aakag127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:09:24Z","timestamp":1792685364000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation after stroke and the risk of incident dementia: an observational study from a global federated network"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2568-3721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandra","family":"Serio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool , Liverpool ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Internal Medicine and 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