{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:25:28Z","timestamp":1761895528604,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","funder":[{"name":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Restoration and Damage Assessment"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000202","name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Freshwater mussels are among the most sensitive species to a variety of chemicals in water exposures. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of toxicants in sediments on mussels. Industrial discharges containing polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and metals entered the Kanawha River surrounding Blaine Island, South Charleston, West Virginia, USA, a river that supports eight federally endangered mussel species. We collected sediment samples from a highly contaminated site, a nearby upstream site, and a further upstream reference site to assess the effects of contaminated sediment on the survival and growth of a unionid mussel (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) and a commonly tested benthic organism (amphipod, Hyalella azteca) using standard 28-day sediment toxicity tests. We also determined mussel toxicity in a serial dilution of the highly contaminated sediment. Results showed that concentrations of PAHs, VOCs, and metals in the contaminated sediment were consistently greater than the other two sites. The mean survival of mussels and amphipods in the reference sediment was 100% and 95%, respectively, whereas the mean survival of both test species in the contaminated sediment was 0%. In the sediment dilution study, mean survival and biomass of mussels in the \u2265\u20096.25% treatment were significantly reduced relative to the control, with a 25% inhibition concentration of 4.1% for survival and 3.6% for biomass. We used sediment screening values and equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmarks to determine that nickel, mercury, and PAH mixture were likely responsible for the toxicity observed to mussels and amphipods and will provide critical data to identify and mitigate the sources of the mixture in contaminated sediment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/etojnl\/vgaf200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T20:04:09Z","timestamp":1755029049000},"page":"3202-3211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the effects of sediments contaminated by industrial discharges to a unionid mussel (fatmucket,\n                    <i>Lampsilis siliquoidea<\/i>\n                    ) and a common test benthic organism (amphipod,\n                    <i>Hyalella azteca<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Chris D","family":"Ivey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center , Columbia, Missouri,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffery A","family":"Steevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center , Columbia, Missouri,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center , Columbia, Missouri,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Patnode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services, Pennsylvania Field Office , State College, Pennsylvania,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James L","family":"Kunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center , Columbia, Missouri,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M","family":"Besser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center , Columbia, Missouri,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"year":"2020","author":"ASTM International","key":"2025103101521960600_vgaf200-B1"},{"key":"2025103101521960600_vgaf200-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3133\/sir20115225","article-title":"Toxicity of nickel-spiked freshwater sediments to benthic invertebrates\u2014Spiking methodology, species sensitivity, and nickel bioavailability","volume":"5225","author":"Besser","year":"2011","journal-title":"US Geological Survey, 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