{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T09:27:00Z","timestamp":1777541220400,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Government of India"},{"name":"All-India Network Project on Fish Health","award":["CIBA\/AINP-FH\/2015-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBA\/AINP-FH\/2015-16"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In intensive aquaculture, outbreaks of infectious diseases are increasing, which demand improved disease management. This study assessed the effects of dietary enrofloxacin (ENF) on Oreochromis niloticus at the recommended dose (10\u2009mg) and overdose (30\u2009mg\/kg\/day) for 5\u2009days by using integrated biomarker response. The ENF-fed fish were observed for mortality, residue deposition, oxidative stress, plasma biochemistry, and histopathological anomalies. The withdrawal period and elimination half-life of ENF were estimated. The dosing groups experienced 0.67%\u20132.67% mortalities. An increase in glucose, transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and creatinine, alongside a decrease in calcium and chloride, indicated altered physiology. The liver and kidney tissues exhibited signs of oxidative stress, as indicated by alterations in malondialdehyde, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, total nitric oxide, glutathione S-transferase, and catalase levels. Maximum residual accumulation of ENF and its metabolite ciprofloxacin was in the liver, followed by muscle + skin, kidney, and plasma. Residues of ENF and ciprofloxacin persisted in the muscle + skin and kidney at Day 42 postdosing. The projected withdrawal period at a 95% confidence limit was 22\u2009days for the recommended dose group. The elimination half-life followed the kidney &amp;gt; muscle + skin &amp;gt; liver &amp;gt; plasma trend. The integrated biomarker response scores of the liver were comparatively higher than those of the kidney, indicating that the liver tissues are more prone to oxidative damage. The liver and kidney histopathology revealed dose-dependent damage, which partially recovered after ENF withdrawal. While the recommended dose induced reversible effects, the findings emphasized the need for stringent regulation and adherence to withdrawal to mitigate potential risks to fish and consumers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/etojnl\/vgaf202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T18:02:31Z","timestamp":1755021751000},"page":"873-889","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Withdrawal period and elimination half-life of enrofloxacin, with assessment of its impact on bioresponses of\n                    <i>Oreochromis niloticus<\/i>\n                    according to integrated biomarker response"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Ratnapriya","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences , Kolkata,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0581-1307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thangapalam Jawahar","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences , Kolkata,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arya","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences , Kolkata,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravindran","family":"Rajisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fish Processing Division, ICAR\u2013Central Institute of Fisheries Technology , Cochin,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0239-8652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranjit Kumar","family":"Nadella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fish Processing Division, ICAR\u2013Central Institute of Fisheries Technology , Cochin,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prasanna Kumar","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, ICAR\u2013Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture , Chennai,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.21608\/zjps.1998.184819","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone residues in catfish","volume":"7","author":"Abd El-Alim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Zagazig Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.13408","article-title":"Safety, tolerability and biological responses of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles upon oral oxolinic acid administration","volume":"47","author":"Abraham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B3","volume-title":"Handbook of fishery drugs","author":"Agriculture Department Compiling Committee","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.06.062","article-title":"Ecological risk assessment of the antibiotic enrofloxacin applied to Pangasius catfish farms in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam","volume":"119","author":"Andrieu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2021.2024496","article-title":"Toxicity induced by ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin: Oxidative stress and metabolism","volume":"51","author":"Badawy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B6","volume-title":"The principles of drug disposition in domestic animals: The basis of veterinary clinical pharmacology","author":"Baggot","year":"1977"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2023.106627","article-title":"Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) physiological response to microplastics and enrofloxacin: Novel pathways to investigate microplastic synergistic effects on pharmaceuticals","volume":"261","author":"Banaee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquatic Toxicology"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10010036","article-title":"Impacts of oral florfenicol medication and residues on the kidney and liver of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.)","volume":"10","author":"Bardhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Veterinary Sciences"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.738447","article-title":"Histopathological aberrations and oxidative stress responses in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus as influenced by dietary florfenicol and its metabolites","volume":"559","author":"Bardhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560235","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/560235","article-title":"Norfloxacin\u2014Toxicity for zebrafish (Danio rerio) focused on oxidative stress parameters","volume":"2014","author":"Bartoskova","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50881-X","article-title":"A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase","volume":"195","author":"Beers","year":"1952","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620210629","article-title":"Integrated biomarker response: A useful tool for ecological risk assessment","volume":"21","author":"Beliaeff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120440","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone antibiotics: Occurrence, mode of action, resistance, environmental detection, and remediation\u2014A comprehensive review","volume":"315","author":"Bhatt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Bond","year":"2023","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202344202025"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12100756","article-title":"Integrated biomarker response of oxidative stress parameters in the digestive glands and gills of autochthonous and invasive freshwater mussels from the Sava River, Serbia","volume":"12","author":"Borkovi\u0107-Miti\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-023-06574-4","article-title":"Evaluation of the physiological stress of grass carp chronically exposed to enrofloxacin based on IBR index","volume":"234","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B17","author":"Commission of Chinese Veterinary Pharmacopoeia","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B18","author":"Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision on Experiments on Animals","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B19","author":"Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2022.2121429","article-title":"Plasma and muscle tissue disposition of enrofloxacin in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after intravascular, intraperitoneal, and oral administrations","volume":"39","author":"Corum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2010.01204.x","article-title":"Determination and kinetics of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Tra catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) using a liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry method","volume":"34","author":"Danyi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2024.2405831","article-title":"Impact of graded doses of enrofloxacin on the safety and biological responses of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus","volume":"48","author":"Das","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug and Chemical Toxicology"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.738680","article-title":"Dietary emamectin benzoate induces dose-dependent variations in haemato-biochemical and erythrocyte-metric parameters of Oreochromis niloticus (L.)","volume":"561","author":"Das","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B24","first-page":"1","author":"European Economic Commission","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B25","author":"European Medicines Agency","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B26","author":"European Medicines Agency","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B27","first-page":"1","author":"European Medicines Evaluation Agency","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B28","first-page":"84","author":"European Union","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.3321\/j.issn:1005-8737.2007.04.014","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) after a single oral gavage","volume":"14","author":"Fang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Fishery Sciences of China"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B30","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization","year":"2024","DOI":"10.4060\/cd0683en"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3648","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073648","article-title":"Enrofloxacin\u2014The ruthless killer of eukaryotic cells or the last hope in the fight against bacterial infections?","volume":"23","author":"Grabowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.11.094","article-title":"Quinolones and tetracyclines in aquaculture fish by a simple and rapid LC-MS\/MS method","volume":"245","author":"Guidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chemistry"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emcon.2022.09.001","article-title":"Effect of an amalgamated antibiotic and its connection to cyto-genotoxicity and histo-architectural malformations in stinging catfish","volume":"8","author":"Islam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerging Contaminants"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109752","article-title":"Dietary influences of oxytetracycline on the growth and serum biomarkers of Oreochromis niloticus (L.)","volume":"186","author":"Julinta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-015-1457-1","article-title":"Effects of norfloxacin on hepatic genes expression of P450 isoforms (CYP1A and CYP3A), GST and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in swordtail fish (Xiphophorus helleri)","volume":"24","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3912","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.48.10.3912-3917.2004","article-title":"Long depletion time of enrofloxacin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"48","author":"Lucchetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12043","article-title":"Depletion study and estimation of the withdrawal period for enrofloxacin in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)","volume":"36","author":"Paschoal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12688","article-title":"Usage pattern of chemicals, biologicals and veterinary medicinal products in Indian aquaculture","volume":"14","author":"Patil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reviews in Aquaculture"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S239307","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization, and pharmacodynamics study of enrofloxacin mesylate","volume":"14","author":"Pei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2014.12.032","article-title":"Elimination of enrofloxacin in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) following on-farm treatment","volume":"438","author":"Phu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B42","first-page":"64","article-title":"The effects of subchronic exposure to ciprofloxacin on zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"35","author":"Plhalova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinology Letters"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23091","article-title":"Responses of Cirrhinus mrigala to second-generation fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) toxicity: Assessment of antioxidants, tissue morphology, and inorganic ions","volume":"36","author":"Ramesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819470-6.00027-5","volume-title":"Present knowledge in food safety: A risk-based approach through the food chain","author":"Rigos","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118222942","volume-title":"Fish pathology","author":"Roberts","year":"2012","edition":"4th ed.)"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21878","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78849-3","article-title":"Global trends in antimicrobial use in aquaculture","volume":"10","author":"Schar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2019.02.002","article-title":"Oxidative stress induced by fluoroquinolone enrofloxacin in zebrafish (Danio rerio) can be ameliorated after a prolonged exposure","volume":"67","author":"Sehonova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872828","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.872828","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and tissue residue profiles of enrofloxacin in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) following single and multiple oral administration","volume":"9","author":"Shan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2023.110168","article-title":"Effects of antibiotics on immunity and apoptosis on grass carp liver and hepatocytes","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12061223","article-title":"Oxidative stress in aquatic organisms","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1993.tb01251.x","article-title":"Successful therapy of furunculosis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., using the fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent enrofloxacin","volume":"16","author":"Stoffregen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Diseases"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.1997.81531.x","article-title":"Multiple route and dose pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in juvenile Atlantic salmon","volume":"20","author":"Stoffregen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12257","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic study of enrofloxacin in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after a single oral administration in medicated feed","volume":"39","author":"Teles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B54","volume-title":"Final decision of the commissioner: Withdrawal of approval of the new animal drug application for enrofloxacin in poultry","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B55","author":"Veterinary International Conference on Harmonization","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370216654995","article-title":"Rule of accumulation of enrofloxacin in Acipenser baerii and drug-induced damage to the tissues","volume":"241","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2009.09.038","article-title":"Adverse effects of enrofloxacin when associated with environmental stress in Tra catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)","volume":"77","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102404","article-title":"Modified rougan decoction alleviates lipopolysaccharide-enrofloxacin\u2013induced hepatotoxicity via activating the Nrf2\/ARE pathway in chicken","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B59","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B60","volume-title":"List of antimicrobial agents of veterinary importance","author":"World Organization for Animal Health","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13162568","article-title":"The assessment of withdrawal interval for enrofloxacin in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) after multiple oral administrations at disparate temperatures","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2005.10.030","article-title":"Residues of enrofloxacin, furazolidone and their metabolites in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"254","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131210","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity in carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to environmental levels of norfloxacin (NOR): Some latest evidences from transcriptomics analysis, biochemical parameters and histopathological changes","volume":"283","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B64","first-page":"1228","article-title":"Effects of enrofloxacin injection on the hepatic phase I and II enzyme activities of Chinese soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus sinensis","volume":"25","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Agriculture Zhejiangensis"},{"key":"2026041217152727200_vgaf202-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3317","article-title":"The effects of ciprofloxacin on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","volume":"35","author":"Zivna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/etojnl\/vgaf202\/63967734\/vgaf202.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/45\/4\/873\/63967734\/vgaf202.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/45\/4\/873\/63967734\/vgaf202.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T21:15:38Z","timestamp":1776028538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article\/45\/4\/873\/8223229"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/etojnl\/vgaf202","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7268","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]}}}