{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:19:53Z","timestamp":1787314793612,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":73,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Technology Program of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research","award":["18725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18725"]}]},{"name":"Open Technology Program of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research","award":["1205724N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1205724N"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Research Foundation Flanders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Short-chain per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) are widely distributed in the environment, but their chronic effects on soil organisms exposed over multiple generations remain largely unknown. The present study therefore aimed to investigate the toxicity of perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) and its precursor perfluorobutane sulfonamide (FBSA) to the springtail Folsomia candida during five successive generations with the following endpoints: the median lethal concentration (LC50) for adult survival and the median effect concentration (EC50) for reproduction (EC50_repro) and population growth rate (EC50_r). The LC50 and EC50_r of PFBS were above the highest test concentration (1,300\u2009mg\/kg dry soil) for all generations, while the EC50_repro was 1,260 and 762\u2009mg\/kg dry soil in F2 and F4 (i.e., third and fifth generations), respectively, although the difference was not significant owing to wide 95% confidence intervals. In contrast, FBSA exhibited significant reproductive toxicity and thereby affected the population growth rate, with LC50, EC50_repro, and EC50_r values of 10.3, 1.14, and 1.67\u2009mg\/kg dry soil in F0. The extinction of the populations exposed to the two highest FBSA concentrations (8.85 and 88.3\u2009mg\/kg dry soil) in F0 hindered toxicity assessment in subsequent generations, with only an EC50_repro of 0.965\u2009mg\/kg dry soil determined in F1. Although the effect concentrations were above environmental levels, the more pronounced reproductive toxicity made FBSA &amp;gt;1,140 and &amp;gt;1,350 times more toxic to F. candida reproduction than PFBS in F0 and F1. These findings reveal that understudied PFAS may pose hidden risks, thus emphasizing the need to expand the currently limited spectrum of PFAS considered in environmental risk assessment. This study also highlights the value of long-term hazard assessment of PFAS in multigeneration scenarios, which could better capture the potential risks posed by these very persistent chemicals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/etojnl\/vgaf267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T13:53:56Z","timestamp":1761314036000},"page":"164-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multigeneration responses of the springtail\n                    <i>Folsomia candida<\/i>\n                    to short-chain per- and polyfluorinated substances"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Ge","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel H S","family":"Kraak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Arie","family":"Vonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thimo","family":"Groffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1285-5992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lieven","family":"Bervoets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5651-0208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornelis A M","family":"van Gestel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4869","article-title":"Assessing the ecological risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Current state-of-the science and a proposed path forward","volume":"40","author":"Ankley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4835","article-title":"Risk assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance mixtures: A relative potency factor approach","volume":"40","author":"Bil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-018-0134-4","article-title":"Short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids: Environmental concerns and a regulatory strategy under REACH","volume":"30","author":"Brendel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Sciences Europe"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182010900","article-title":"Trends in the regulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): A scoping review","volume":"18","author":"Brennan","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140017","article-title":"PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites","volume":"740","author":"Brusseau","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envadv.2022.100335","article-title":"Review of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) bioaccumulation in earthworms","volume":"11","author":"Burkhard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental Advances"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.176224","article-title":"Reproductive and germ-cell mutagenic effects of poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to Caenorhabditis elegans after multigenerational exposure","volume":"954","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.04.032","article-title":"Internal concentrations of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) comparable to those of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) induce reproductive toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"158","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13205","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c01153","article-title":"Perfluorooctane sulfonamide induced autotoxic effects on the zebrafish immune system","volume":"58","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6616","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c09746","article-title":"PFAS contamination in Europe: Generating knowledge and mapping known and likely contamination with \u201cexpert-reviewed\u201d journalism","volume":"58","author":"Cordner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EM00147C","article-title":"Strategies for grouping per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to protect human and environmental health","volume":"22","author":"Cousins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B12","author":"Dagorn","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113550","article-title":"High-content screening in zebrafish identifies perfluorooctanesulfonamide as a potent developmental toxicant","volume":"256","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-018-1922-8","article-title":"Assessing the toxicity of thiamethoxam, in natural LUFA 2.2 soil, through three generations of Folsomia candida","volume":"27","author":"de Lima e Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128245","article-title":"Bringing ecology into toxicology: Life-cycle toxicity of two neonicotinoids to four different species of springtails in LUFA 2.2 natural soil","volume":"263","author":"de Lima e Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1032280214","article-title":"Bootstrap confidence intervals","volume":"11","author":"DiCiccio","year":"1996","journal-title":"Statistical Science"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.50.071803.130331","article-title":"Folsomia candida (Collembola): A \u201cstandard\u201d soil arthropod","volume":"50","author":"Fountain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annual Review of Entomology"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20607","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c03868","article-title":"Bioturbation affects bioaccumulation: PFAS uptake from sediments by a rooting macrophyte and a benthic invertebrate","volume":"58","author":"Gkika","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109629","article-title":"Strong bioaccumulation of a wide variety of PFAS in a contaminated terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem","volume":"202","author":"Gkika","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5729","article-title":"Research priorities for the environmental risk assessment of per- and polyfluorinated substances","volume":"42","author":"Gkika","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EM00291G","article-title":"An overview of the uses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)","volume":"22","author":"Gl\u00fcge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118562","article-title":"Bioaccumulation and toxicity of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) and perfluorobutane sulfonamide (FBSA) in Eisenia fetida and Eisenia andrei","volume":"302","author":"Groffen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158680","article-title":"On the importance of longer-term exposure to stressors\u2014A critical review and proposal for multigenerational testing in standard soil invertebrates","volume":"854","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp7169","article-title":"A roadmap to the structure-related metabolism pathways of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"129","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.249","article-title":"Multigenerational effect of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on the individual fitness and population growth of Daphnia magna","volume":"569\u2013570","author":"Jeong","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1897\/07-523.1","article-title":"Toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid on freshwater macroinvertebrates (Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa) and fish (Oryzias latipes)","volume":"27","author":"Ji","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5784","article-title":"Sublethal toxicity of 17 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with diverse structures to Ceriodaphnia dubia, Hyalella azteca, and Chironomus dilutus","volume":"43","author":"Kadlec","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2012.04.003","article-title":"Long-term effects of a binary mixture of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and bisphenol a (BPA) in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"118\u2013119","author":"Keiter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aquatic Toxicology"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.143208","article-title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in homegrown crops: Accumulation and human risk assessment","volume":"364","author":"Lasters","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejsobi.2006.10.002","article-title":"Soil invertebrates and ecosystem services","volume":"42","author":"Lavelle","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Soil Biology"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.06.058","article-title":"PFOA-induced metabolism disturbance and multi-generational reproductive toxicity in Oryzias latipes","volume":"340","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6985","DOI":"10.1021\/es8007744","article-title":"Multigeneration exposure of the springtail Folsomia candida to phenanthrene: From dose\u2212response relationships to threshold concentrations","volume":"42","author":"Leon Paumen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166689","article-title":"Are PFBS, PFHxS, and 6:2FTSA more friendly to the soil environment compared to PFOS? A new insight based on ecotoxicity study in soil invertebrates (Eisenia fetida)","volume":"904","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130666","article-title":"Multi- and trans-generational disturbances of perfluorobutane sulfonate and perfluorohexane sulfonate on lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"280","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42832-024-0253-3","article-title":"Effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on hatching of Folsomia candida (Collembola) on soil","volume":"6","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soil Ecology Letters"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129355","article-title":"Joint toxicity mechanisms of binary emerging PFAS mixture on algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) at environmental concentration","volume":"437","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18554","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c04246","article-title":"Unveiling the molecular effects of replacement and legacy PFASs: Transcriptomic analysis of zebrafish embryos reveals surprising similarities and potencies","volume":"58","author":"Mahoney","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4392","article-title":"Effects of perfluoralkyl substances on a multigenerational scale: A case study with Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Chironomidae)","volume":"38","author":"Marziali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2021.1901251","article-title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl mixtures toxicity assessment \u201cproof-of-concept\u201d illustration for the hazard index approach","volume":"84","author":"Mumtaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15883","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c05705","article-title":"Influences of chemical properties, soil properties, and solution pH on soil\u2013water partitioning coefficients of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)","volume":"54","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-018-1965-x","article-title":"Extrapolation of imidacloprid toxicity between soils by exposing Folsomia candida in soil pore water","volume":"27","author":"Ogungbemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17350","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3847-y","article-title":"Endocrine, biotransformation, and oxidative stress responses in salmon hepatocytes exposed to chemically induced hypoxia and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), given singly or in combination","volume":"22","author":"Olufsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research International"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264264601-en","volume-title":"Test No. 232: Collembolan reproduction test in soil","author":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.06.020","article-title":"Perfluorooctane sulfonate in surface soils: Effects on reproduction in the collembolan, Folsomia candida, and the oribatid mite, Oppia nitens","volume":"208","author":"Princz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B45","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103789","article-title":"Sulfonamide functional head on short-chain perfluorinated substance drives developmental toxicity","volume":"25","author":"Rericha","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111210","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the toxicological databases for 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)","volume":"138","author":"Rice","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146021","article-title":"Dose\u2013response analysis using R","volume":"10","author":"Ritz","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25130","article-title":"Sorption of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances and their precursors on activated carbon under realistic drinking water conditions: Insights into sorbent variability and PFAS structural effects","volume":"10","author":"Sadia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: An open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2004.06.004","article-title":"PAH biotransformation in terrestrial invertebrates\u2014A new phase II metabolite in isopods and springtails","volume":"138","author":"Stroomberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology: CBP"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-017-1765-8","article-title":"Multigeneration toxicity of imidacloprid and thiacloprid to Folsomia candida","volume":"26","author":"van Gestel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1093\/etojnl\/vgae048","article-title":"The influence of soil organic matter content on the toxicity of pesticides to the springtail Folsomia candida","volume":"44","author":"van Hall","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178124","article-title":"Differential effects of pharmaceuticals and insecticides on swimming behaviour and survival in Gammarus pulex","volume":"958","author":"Versteegen","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4","volume-title":"ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis","author":"Wickham","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118078","article-title":"Multigeneration responses of Daphnia magna to short-chain per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS)","volume":"294","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3749","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.5c00033","article-title":"Biotransformation of perfluoroocatne sulfonamide (FOSA) and microbial community dynamics in aerobic soils","volume":"5","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS ES&T Water"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107951","article-title":"Insight into the binding model of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to proteins and membranes","volume":"175","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"key":"2026010503014104100_vgaf267-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.124619","article-title":"Contributions of enzymes and gut microbes to biotransformation of perfluorooctane sulfonamide in earthworms (Eisenia fetida)","volume":"238","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/etojnl\/vgaf267\/64923908\/vgaf267.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/45\/1\/164\/64923908\/vgaf267.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/45\/1\/164\/64923908\/vgaf267.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T08:01:51Z","timestamp":1767600111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article\/45\/1\/164\/8300849"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/etojnl\/vgaf267","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7268","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]}}}