{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T16:11:31Z","timestamp":1793463091930,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Camilla Drocco\u2019s"},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020"},{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["956496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["956496"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During crop growth cycle, several different plant protection products (PPPs) are often applied in combination or sequentially. Such sequential applications result in unintentional mixtures of residues that may affect ecosystem services supported by non-target organisms such as soil microbes and nematodes. This scenario of sequential PPP application is frequent in agricultural practice but rarely addressed experimentally at field scale with regard to environmental impacts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of individual and sequential application of three PPPs (the herbicide clopyralid, the insecticide zeta-cypermethrin, and the fungicide pyraclostrobin) on soil microbial communities, and on the abundance of free-living nematode. Single applications (at 1\u00d7 or 10\u00d7 the agronomical dose) were made to triplicated field plots with each one of the PPPs or all three PPPs in sequence, with untreated plots serving as controls. Plots were sampled before each application and 7 and 28\u2009days thereafter. The composition and abundance of the fungal community were found to be more affected compared to the bacterial community by PPP applications, while the bacterial community structure was influenced mainly by soil properties. Only transient effects of PPP applications were detected on nematode abundance. Higher-tier ecotoxicological tests such as the present field study offer greater ecological relevance compared to laboratory tests but are challenged by environmental variations that should be accounted for when evaluating the ecotoxicity of pesticides on soil microorganisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/etojnl\/vgaf274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T19:49:32Z","timestamp":1763581772000},"page":"351-362","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of a sequential application of plant protection products on soil microbes and free-living nematodes in a field experiment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3030-2749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Drocco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH , Fl\u00f6rsheim\/Main,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, Institut Agro Dijon, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Agro\u00e9cologie , Dijon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sa\u00fal","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecoscience, Section for Terrestrial Ecology, Aarhus University , Aarhus C,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Devers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, Institut Agro Dijon, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Agro\u00e9cologie , Dijon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"F\u00f6rster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH , Fl\u00f6rsheim\/Main,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Martin-Laurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, Institut Agro Dijon, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Agro\u00e9cologie , Dijon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Romdhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, Institut Agro Dijon, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Agro\u00e9cologie , Dijon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4707-9559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aym\u00e9","family":"Spor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, Institut Agro Dijon, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Agro\u00e9cologie , Dijon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9mence","family":"Thiour-Mauprivez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, Institut Agro Dijon, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Agro\u00e9cologie , Dijon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Coors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH , Fl\u00f6rsheim\/Main,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Abarenkov","year":"2021","DOI":"10.15156\/BIO\/1264763"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Biology"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2016.02.016","article-title":"An underground revolution: Biodiversity and soil ecological engineering for agricultural sustainability","volume":"31","author":"Bender","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends in Ecological Evolution"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7846","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.05220-11","article-title":"Barcoded primers used in multiplex amplicon pyrosequencing bias amplification","volume":"77","author":"Berry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.03.024","article-title":"A comparison of five pesticides adsorption and desorption processes in thirteen contrasting field soils","volume":"61","author":"Boivin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2010.130","article-title":"Determinants of the distribution of nitrogen-cycling microbial communities at the landscape scale","volume":"5","author":"Bru","year":"2011","journal-title":"The ISME Journal"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","article-title":"QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data","volume":"7","author":"Caporaso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-024-02978-6","article-title":"The function of microbial enzymes in breaking down soil contaminated with pesticides: A review","volume":"47","author":"Chia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B10","author":"Cobb","year":"1918"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2022.108561","article-title":"The life of soils: Integrating the who and how of multifunctionality","volume":"166","author":"Creamer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B12","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Herbicides and Environment","author":"Damin","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/fee.2594","article-title":"Linking soil health and ecological resilience to achieve agricultural sustainability","volume":"21","author":"Davis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2009.196r","article-title":"Conclusion regarding the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance zeta-cypermethrin","author":"European Food Safety Authority","year":"2009","journal-title":"EFSA Journal, 7, RN-196, 119"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2017.4690","article-title":"Scientific Opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of plant protection products for in-soil organisms","volume":"15","author":"Ockleford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Efsa Journal"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5389","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2018.5389","article-title":"Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance clopyralid","volume":"16","author":"Arena","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9257","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2025.9257","article-title":"Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance pyraclostrobin","volume":"23","year":"2025","journal-title":"Efsa Journal"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2019.5634","volume":"17","author":"European Food Safety Authority Scientific Committee, More","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1\u2013","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-024-06961-8","article-title":"Soil biodiversity and ecological intensification for sustainable agriculture","volume":"503","author":"Erktan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant and Soil"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3207(92)91201-3","article-title":"Conservation evaluation and phylogenetic diversity","volume":"61","author":"Faith","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/etojnl\/vgaf252","article-title":"Effects of a sequential application of three pesticides on soil microarthropods in a field study","volume":"45","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4060\/cb4827en","volume-title":"Global assessment of soil pollution\u2014Summary for policy makers","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization and United Nations Environment Programme","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.09.255","article-title":"Assessment of the effects of oxamyl on the bacterial community of an agricultural soil exhibiting enhanced biodegradation","volume":"651","author":"Gallego","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s003740050439","article-title":"Geostatistical tools for characterizing the spatial variability of microbiological and physico-chemical soil properties","volume":"27","author":"Goovaerts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biology and Fertility of Soils"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21307\/jofnem-2020-028","article-title":"Nematicide efficacy at managing Meloidogyne arenaria and non-target effects on free-living nematodes in peanut production","volume":"52","author":"Grabau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Nematology"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-022-05675-z","article-title":"An increase of fine-root biomass in nutrient-poor soils increases soil organic matter but not soil cation exchange capacity","volume":"482","author":"Hayashi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant and Soil"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5427","article-title":"Nematode community of a natural grassland responds sensitively to the broad-spectrum fungicide mancozeb in soil microcosms","volume":"41","author":"H\u00f6ss","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2022.108921","article-title":"Microscale spatial distribution and soil organic matter persistence in top and subsoil","volume":"178","author":"Inagaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2018.00021","article-title":"pH as a primary control in environmental microbiology: 1. Thermodynamic perspective","volume":"6","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Environmental Science"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.05.073","article-title":"Assessment of the impact of three pesticides on microbial dynamics and functions in a lab-to-field experimental approach","volume":"637\u2013638","author":"Karas","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2013.12.004","article-title":"Effects of nicosulfuron on the abundance and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi used as indicators of pesticide soil microbial toxicity","volume":"39","author":"Karpouzas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecological Indicators"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1515\/pac-2022-0201","article-title":"Pesticide soil microbial toxicity: Setting the scene for a new pesticide risk assessment for soil microorganisms (IUPAC Technical Report)","volume":"94","author":"Karpouzas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pure and Applied Chemistry"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010","article-title":"MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1614\/WT-03-025R","article-title":"Soil pH and cation exchange capacity affects sunflower tolerance to sulfentrazone","volume":"18","author":"Kerr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Weed Technology"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3233\/978-1-61499-649-1-87","author":"Kluyver","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5111","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00335-09","article-title":"Pyrosequencing-based assessment of soil pH as a predictor of soil bacterial community structure at the continental scale","volume":"75","author":"Lauber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2008.05.021","article-title":"The in\ufb02uence of soil properties on the structure of bacterial and fungal communities across land-use types","volume":"40","author":"Lauber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3578","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14781","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of microbial necromass contribution to soil organic matter","volume":"25","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2019.107565","article-title":"Spatial ecology of soil nematodes: Perspectives from global to micro scales","volume":"137","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8228","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.12.8228-8235.2005","article-title":"UniFrac: A new phylogenetic method for comparing microbial communities","volume":"71","author":"Lozupone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.3.695-700.1993","article-title":"Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16s rRNA","volume":"59","author":"Muyzer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/ejss.4_12398","article-title":"Microbial diversity and soil functions","volume":"68","author":"Nannipieri","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Soil Science"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2020.103702","article-title":"Microbial community size is a potential predictor of nematode functional group in limed grasslands","volume":"156","author":"Neilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Applied Soil Ecology"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00980-5","article-title":"The interplay between microbial communities and soil properties","volume":"22","author":"Philippot","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Microbiology"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B44","author":"Posit Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01508","article-title":"AmoA-targeted polymerase chain reaction primers for the specific detection and quantification of comammox Nitrospira in the environment","volume":"8","author":"Pjevac","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msp077","article-title":"FastTree: Computing large minimum evolution trees with profiles instead of a distance matrix","volume-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","author":"Price","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: Improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3613","DOI":"10.1021\/es062616f","article-title":"Relationship between the adsorption capacity of pesticides by wood residues and the properties of woods and pesticides","volume":"41","author":"Rodriguez-Cruz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2584","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2584","article-title":"VSEARCH: A versatile open source tool for metagenomics","volume":"4","author":"Rognes","year":"2016","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.09.159","article-title":"Assessment of the ecotoxicological impact of natural and synthetic \u03b2-triketone herbicides on the diversity and activity of the soil bacterial community using omic approaches","volume":"651","author":"Romdhane","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-017-1248-3","article-title":"Microbial indicators for soil quality","volume":"54","author":"Schloter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biology and Fertility of Soils"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biz086","article-title":"A worm\u2019s world: Ecological flexibility pays off for free-living nematodes in sediments and soils","volume":"69","author":"Schratzberger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(90)90116-H","article-title":"Side-effects of sequentially- and simultaneously-applied pesticides on non-target soil microorganisms: Laboratory experiments","volume":"22","author":"Schuster","year":"1990","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(90)90115-G","article-title":"Side-effects of sequentially-applied pesticides on non-target soil microorganisms: Field experiments","volume":"22","author":"Schuster","year":"1990","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2012.07.013","article-title":"Soil pH drives the spatial distribution of bacterial communities along elevation on Changbai Mountain","volume":"57","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150734","article-title":"Pesticide effects on nitrogen cycle related microbial functions and community composition","volume":"807","author":"Sim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.5958\/2320-642X.2015.00018.6","article-title":"Microbes Play Major Roles in the Ecosystem Services","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01412","article-title":"Lab to field assessment of the ecotoxicological impact of chlorpyrifos, isoproturon, or tebuconazole on the diversity and composition of the soil bacterial community","volume":"9","author":"Storck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13071330","article-title":"Effects of the pesticides benomyl, metribuzin and imidacloprid on soil microbial communities in the field","volume":"13","author":"Streletskii","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12010124","article-title":"Changes in bacterial and fungal community of soil under treatment of pesticides","volume":"12","author":"Streletskii","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1418-6","article-title":"Soil nematode abundance and functional group composition at a global scale","volume":"572","author":"van den Hoogen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-020-0437-3","article-title":"A global database of soil nematode abundance and functional group composition","volume":"7","author":"van den Hoogen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Data"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2760\/86566","article-title":"Pesticides residues in European agricultural soils\u2014Results from LUCAS 2018 soil module. European Commission, Joint Research Centre","author":"Vieira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Publications Office of the European Union"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04953-6","volume-title":"Parasit & Vectors","author":"Vlaar","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21307\/jofnem-2019-009","article-title":"Nematicide effects on non-target nematodes in bermudagrass","volume":"51","author":"Waldo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Nematology"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00553","article-title":"The microbial nitrogen cycle","volume":"5","author":"Ward","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149017","article-title":"Risk from pesticide mixtures\u2014The gap between risk assessment and reality","volume":"796","author":"Weisner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B68","first-page":"315","volume-title":"PCR-Protocols and applications: A laboratory manual","author":"White","year":"1990"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.202300142","article-title":"Organic matter type and soil texture shape prokaryotic communities during early-stage soil structure formation","volume":"187","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.08.064","article-title":"Adsorption characteristics of pesticides methamidophos and glyphosate by two soils","volume":"58","author":"Yu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt593","article-title":"PEAR: A fast and accurate Illumina Paired-End reAd mergeR","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026020503481838000_vgaf274-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3505","article-title":"Non-target effects of herbicides on soil nematode assemblages: Non-target effects of herbicides on soil nematode assemblages","volume":"69","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pest Management Sci"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/etojnl\/vgaf274\/65397109\/vgaf274.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/45\/2\/351\/65397109\/vgaf274.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/45\/2\/351\/65397109\/vgaf274.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T08:48:23Z","timestamp":1770281303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article\/45\/2\/351\/8328305"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/etojnl\/vgaf274","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7268","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]}}}