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We examined the influences of pH on uptake and elimination kinetics, bioconcentration factors (BCF), and internal disposition of diphenhydramine (DPH), a weakly basic pharmaceutical, in signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. After a 10-day bioconcentration experiment (7\u2009days of uptake, followed by 3\u2009days of elimination) at pH 6.7 and 8.7, we analyzed DPH in water, crayfish hemolymph, and whole-body tissues using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. We then derived a hemolymph: water partition coefficient (PHWr) and estimated the apparent volume of distribution (VD) for DPH in crayfish. Consistent with previous observations in freshwater and estuarine fish, pH significantly (p &amp;lt; 0.05) altered DPH tissue levels and BCF in signal crayfish. However, PHWr values and steady state and kinetic-based BCFs for DPH were lower than similar observations in fish, and apparent VD values were markedly higher in crayfish (416\u2013451) than in fish and humans. Our findings indicate that signal crayfish represent a suitable crustacean model to advance an understanding of ionizable organic contaminant bioaccumulation in invertebrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/etojnl\/vgag087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T20:24:37Z","timestamp":1775161477000},"page":"1589-1598","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["pH influences on kinetics, bioconcentration, and internal disposition of diphenhydramine, a weakly basic pharmaceutical, in signal crayfish (\n                    <i>Pacifastacus leniusculus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5763-1239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Koubov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice , Vod\u0148any,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5524-4322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaylen L","family":"Sims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice , Vod\u0148any,","place":["Czech Republic"]},{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University , Waco, TX,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9128-3952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton\u00edn","family":"Kouba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture 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