{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T17:25:58Z","timestamp":1787073958802,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IMPACT\u2009+\u2009and Back to Baselines in Circular Fashion and Textiles"},{"name":"UKRI Circular Fashion and Textile Network Plus: A collaboration"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NE-Y003985-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE-Y003985-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Microfiber (MF) emissions from all types of textiles, natural, synthetic and semisynthetic, are not well studied, with most articles identifying domestic washing as the major cause of MF leakage; however, this ignores large-scale MF shedding during manufacturing. In the last 5\u2009years, only 10 articles have focused on MF release during textile manufacturing, highlighting gaps in knowledge. A review of the available literature demonstrated manufacturing as an important but underappreciated source of MF pollution and a potential opportunity for mitigation. Varying methods of analysis, levels of replication, and different data reporting norms pose difficulty in gaining a holistic overview of the data available. The need for more stringent research into this area is evident to fully map MF emissions throughout the supply chain and to ensure adequate process design and remediation methodologies. On average, wet processing releases two times more MFs (\u223c1,300 MF g-1 fabric) than dry processing (\u223c700 MF g-1), whereas dyeing (\u223c800 MF g-1) releases most MFs. Wet processes also release two times more MF mass compared with dry processes, and MF length in wet processing is 57% shorter compared with dry processing. Wastewater treatment plant capture efficiency for MFs depends on MF size in the influent, which in turn depends on the type of fibers used in production, the manufacturing processes, and material characteristics. Scalable \u201cbetter-by-design\u201d interventions offer a significant opportunity to reduce MF emissions in production, including selecting yarns with higher twist and packing density, laser cut fabrics, pretreatment of textiles using plasma treatment, low temperature dope dyeing and in situ dyeing methods with reduced abrasion, and prewashing textiles before sending to the consumer to reduce MF emissions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/etojnl\/vgag200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T12:19:34Z","timestamp":1784636374000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microfiber emissions from textile manufacturing industries: A critical review"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0765-785X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ishrat J","family":"Badruddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Textiles and Colour, School of Design, University of Leeds , Leeds,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A","family":"Houghton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Textiles and Colour, School of Design, University of Leeds , Leeds,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6731-7852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, University of Leeds , Leeds,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6259-3807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard S","family":"Blackburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Textiles and Colour, School of Design, University of Leeds , Leeds,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081812344357100_vgag200-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.2339\/politeknik.1310805","article-title":"Separation and identification of microfibers in the wastewater of textile finishing process","volume":"27","author":"Akyildiz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Politeknik Dergisi"},{"key":"2026081812344357100_vgag200-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.3390\/microplastics1040040","article-title":"Detection and analysis of microfibers and microplastics in wastewater from a textile company","volume":"1","author":"Akyildiz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microplastics"},{"key":"2026081812344357100_vgag200-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198506980.001.0001","volume-title":"Green chemistry: Theory and practice","author":"Anastas","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026081812344357100_vgag200-B084881","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5173","article-title":"Are We Underestimating Anthropogenic Microfiber Pollution? 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