{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T16:07:46Z","timestamp":1789229266122,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["202206200012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202206200012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"UGent Special Research Fund","award":["BOF22\/CHN\/004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BOF22\/CHN\/004"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe","award":["101057014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101057014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Harmful algal blooms are increasing under climate change. The harmful algal blooming dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum is a major producer of yessotoxins that can damage biological tissues. While climate change alters multiple environmental conditions, the combined impacts on P. reticulatum growth and toxin production remain poorly understood. In this study, we first applied an orthogonal experimental design to determine the effects of environmental factors among temperature, salinity, initial pH value, and eutrophication-related nutrients. We then conducted a full-factorial experiment to examine the interactive effects of the two most essential factors, temperature (ranging from 15 to 27.5\u2009\u00b0C) and salinity (ranging from 21 to 33 ppt), on growth (measured as cell density) and intracellular homoyessotoxin (hYTX) content of P. reticulatum K-1477. Furthermore, we evaluated how these factors influence the response in two key copepod species, Acartia tonsa and Nitokra spinipes. Our results showed statistically significant interactive effects of temperature and salinity on cell density and intracellular hYTX content. Salinity caused significant differences only at 30 and 33 ppt under 20 and 22.5\u2009\u00b0C, suggesting temperature might be the dominant driver of growth and toxin production. No significant relationship between cell density and intracellular hYTX content was found. Finally, exposure assays revealed reduced swimming speed of A. tonsa and increased swimming speed of N. spinipes after exposure to P. reticulatum. These findings demonstrate that warming and salinity fluctuations can modulate P. reticulatum growth and toxicity, underscoring the importance of multistressor approaches for predicting harmful algal bloom dynamics under future climate scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/etojnl\/vgag227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:47:55Z","timestamp":1787028475000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combined effects of temperature and salinity on growth, intracellular toxin content, and copepod responses of marine dinoflagellate\n                    <i>Protoceratium reticulatum<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9853-7049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University , Bluebridge,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3665-962X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilias","family":"Semmouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University , Bluebridge,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eline","family":"Heirweg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University , Bluebridge,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"De Saeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University , Bluebridge,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology\u2014GhEnToxLab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin R","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University , Bluebridge,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0185-6516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Asselman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University , Bluebridge,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2015.03.001","article-title":"Protoceratium reticulatum (Dinophyceae) in the austral Southwestern Atlantic and the first report on YTX-production in shelf waters of Argentina","volume":"45","author":"Akselman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Mass mortality of marine invertebrates associated with the presence of yessotoxins in northern Chile","volume":"64","author":"\u00c1lvarez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Harmful Algae News"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.05.006","article-title":"First report on azaspiracid and yessotoxin groups detection in French shellfish","volume":"52","author":"Amzil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B4","first-page":"171","article-title":"An overview of southern ocean zooplankton data: Abundance, biomass, feeding and functional relationships","volume":"19","author":"Atkinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"CCAMLR Science"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.32802\/asmscj.2022.930","article-title":"Growth kinetics determination using different mathematical models for microalgae Characium sp. UKM1, Chlorella sp. UKM2 and Coelastrella sp. UKM4","volume":"17","author":"Bangi","year":"2022","journal-title":"ASM Science Journal"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1605(94)90157-0","article-title":"A dynamic approach to predicting bacterial-growth in food","volume":"23","author":"Baranyi","year":"1994","journal-title":"International Journal of Food Microbiology"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2023.106321","article-title":"Effect of temperature on growth and yessotoxin production of Protoceratium reticulatum and Lingulodinium polyedra (Dinophyceae) isolates from the Portuguese coast (NE Atlantic)","volume":"194","author":"Barbosa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Marine Environmental Research"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B8","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Harmful algal blooms 2000: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms, Hobart, Australia, February 7\u201311, 2000","author":"Boni","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Morphological observations on marine dinoflagellate cultures","volume":"11","author":"Braarud","year":"1945","journal-title":"Norske Videnskaps-Akad. Oslo 1. Mat. Naturv. Kl"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B10","volume-title":"Daily sea surface temperature","author":"Climate Reanalyzer"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.08.027","article-title":"Toxic dinoflagellates and Vibrio spp. act independently in bivalve larvae","volume":"57","author":"De Rijcke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1212222","article-title":"Ocean salinities reveal strong global water cycle intensification during 1950 to 2000","volume":"336","author":"Durack","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B13","author":"Elkin","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3354\/meps11488","article-title":"Growth and diel vertical migration patterns of the toxic dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum in a water column with salinity stratification: The role of bioconvection and light","volume":"539","author":"Erga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Marine Ecology Progress Series"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-85613-3.00004-9","author":"Espinosa","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1002\/btpr.161","article-title":"Causes of shear sensitivity of the toxic dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum","volume":"25","author":"Gallardo Rodriguez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biotechnology Progress"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2019.101731","article-title":"Climate change and harmful algal blooms: Insights and perspective","volume":"91","author":"Gobler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57","DOI":"10.1186\/s40555-015-0135-6","article-title":"Mesozooplankton biomass and copepod estimated production in a temperate estuary (Mondego estuary): Effects of processes operating at different timescales","volume":"54","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zoological Studies"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B19","author":"Groemping","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2007.02.006","article-title":"Influence of temperature, salinity and nutrient limitation on yessotoxin production and release by the dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum in batch-cultures","volume":"6","author":"Guerrini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.2216\/i0031-8884-32-3-234.1","article-title":"Stichochrysis-immobilis is a diatom, not a chyrsophyte","volume":"32","author":"Guillard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2008.01.003","article-title":"Yessotoxin detected in mussel (Mytilus californicus) and phytoplankton samples from the U.S. West Coast","volume":"7","author":"Howard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3354\/meps028105","article-title":"Chemically-mediated rejection of dinoflagellate prey by the copepods Calanus pacificus and Paracalanus parvus: Mechanism, occurrence and significance","volume":"28","author":"Huntley","year":"1986","journal-title":"Marine Ecology Progress Series"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B24","author":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102032","article-title":"Hiding in plain sight: Shellfish-killing phytoplankton in Washington State","volume":"105","author":"King","year":"2021","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5044","article-title":"Making sense of life-history effects of the antidepressant citalopram in the copepod Nitocra spinipes using a bioenergetics model","volume":"40","author":"Koch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3354\/meps14666","article-title":"Acartia tonsa grazing on the harmful dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata reduces copepod survival and increases extracellular toxin concentrations","volume":"745","author":"Ladds","year":"2024","journal-title":"Marine Ecology Progress Series"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijggc.2013.01.016","article-title":"Effect of carbon source towards the growth of Chlorella vulgaris for CO2 bio-mitigation and biodiesel production","volume":"14","author":"Lam","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.738117","article-title":"Physiological responses and adaptive strategies to acute low-salinity environmental stress of the euryhaline marine fish black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)","volume":"554","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2022.153270","article-title":"Changes in physiological activities are responsible for homoyessotoxin-induced toxicity in abalone Haliotis discus hannai","volume":"477","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2014.05.003","article-title":"Inhibition of growth rate and swimming speed of the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides by diatoms: Implications for red tide formation","volume":"37","author":"Lim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.09.015","article-title":"Seasonal variability of Protoceratium reticulatum and yessotoxins in Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis in northern Yellow Sea of China","volume":"139","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.143420","article-title":"Temperature dependent sensitivity of the harpacticoid copepod Nitokra spinipes to marine algal toxins","volume":"366","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2025.102871","article-title":"Temperature and salinity affect growth and toxin content of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (PCC 7806) in estuarine environments","volume":"146","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.107867","article-title":"The key role of zooplankton in ecosystem services: A perspective of interaction between zooplankton and fish recruitment","volume":"129","author":"Lomartire","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecological Indicators"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4088","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15164088","article-title":"Long-term variability in sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentration in the Gulf of California","volume":"15","author":"L\u00f3pez Mart\u00ednez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1090\/S1079-6762-98-00050-X","article-title":"Dinoflagellate blooms and associated DSP-toxicity in shellfish in New Zealand","author":"MacKenzie","year":"1998","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2008.01.002","article-title":"Effects of Protoceratium reticulatum yessotoxin on feeding rates of Acartia hudsonica: A bioassay using artificial particles coated with purified toxin","volume":"7","author":"Makino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908088","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.908088","article-title":"Effects of elevated temperature on resources competition of nutrient and light between benthic and planktonic algae","volume":"10","author":"Mei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Environmental Science"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2009.07.013","article-title":"Compositional homeostasis of the dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum grown at three different pCO2","volume":"167","author":"Montechiaro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Physiology"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rsma.2023.103110","article-title":"First characterization of Protoceratium reticulatum (Dinophyceae) from Atlantic coast of Morocco: Growth experiment, molecular identification, and toxicity","volume":"65","author":"Moussavou-Mouity","year":"2023","journal-title":"Regional Studies in Marine Science"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B26235024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(01)81076-5","article-title":"Isolation and structure of yessotoxin, a novel polyether compound implicated in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning","volume":"28","author":"Murata","year":"1987","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Letters"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55846","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-16256-5","article-title":"Harmful algal blooms and shellfish in the marine environment: An overview of the main molluscan responses, toxin dynamics, and risks for human health","volume":"28","author":"Neves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research International"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes9090331","article-title":"Effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum on physiological rates of juvenile scallops Argopecten purpuratus","volume":"9","author":"Nieves","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fishes"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2023.116022","article-title":"Effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum and its yessotoxins on the survival and feed ingestion of Argopecten purpuratus veliger larvae","volume":"199","author":"Nieves","year":"2024","journal-title":"Marine Pollution Bulletin"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/00785236.1995.10422044","article-title":"Coastal marine eutrophication\u2014a definition, social causes, and future concerns","volume":"41","author":"Nixon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophelia"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B46","author":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B48","author":"Odum","year":"1971"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-015-8637-y","article-title":"Quantification and profiling of lipophilic marine toxins in microalgae by UHPLC coupled to high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry","volume":"407","author":"Orellana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-012-0159-y","article-title":"Harmful cyanobacterial blooms: Causes, consequences, and controls","volume":"65","author":"Paerl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microbial Ecology"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.02.005","article-title":"Yessotoxins profile in strains of from Spain and USA","volume":"50","author":"Paz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2006.04.066","article-title":"Study of the effect of temperature, irradiance and salinity on growth and yessotoxin production by the dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum in culture by using a kinetic and factorial approach","volume":"62","author":"Paz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Marine Environmental Research"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36241-5","article-title":"Monitoring and modelling marine zooplankton in a changing climate","volume":"14","author":"Ratnarajah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.5962\/p.397765","article-title":"Gonyaulax grindleyi sp. nov.: A dinoflagellate causing a red tide at Elands Bay, Cape Province, in December 1966","volume":"33","author":"Reinecke","year":"1966","journal-title":"Journal of South African Botany"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2008.06.008","article-title":"Gonyaulax spinifera from the Adriatic sea: Toxin production and phylogenetic analysis","volume":"8","author":"Riccardi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2011.11.006","article-title":"Effects of salinity, temperature and nutrients on growth, cellular characteristics and yessotoxin production of Protoceratium reticulatum","volume":"15","author":"R\u00f6der","year":"2012","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B57","first-page":"10","article-title":"Dinoflagellate bloom coincides with marine invertebrate mortalities in northern California","volume":"46","author":"Rogers-Bennett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Harmful Algae News"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2016.02.004","article-title":"Growth and bioactive secondary metabolites of arctic Protoceratium reticulatum (Dinophyceae)","volume":"55","author":"Sala-P\u00e9rez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B59","volume-title":"An account of the crustacea of Norway: Copepoda. Calanoida","author":"Sars","year":"1903"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2020.105037","article-title":"Spatio-temporal patterns in the gene expression of the calanoid copepod Temora longicornis in the Belgian part of the North Sea","volume":"160","author":"Semmouri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Marine Environmental Research"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17312","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17312","article-title":"Contribution of combined stressors on density and gene expression dynamics of the copepod Temora longicornis in the North Sea","volume":"34","author":"Semmouri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-025-10548-4","article-title":"The effect of high temperatures on the growth and biochemical composition of cultivated Palmaria Palmata (Rhodophyta)","volume":"27","author":"Semmouri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Marine Biotechnology"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2023.102516","article-title":"Novel insights into toxin changes associated with the growth of Alexandrium pacificum: Revealing active toxin-secretion ability and toxin cell quota variation","volume":"129","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(86)90028-1","article-title":"The cultivation of Acartia-tonsa dana for use as a live food source for marine fish larvae","volume":"52","author":"Stottrup","year":"1986","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315423000085","article-title":"Molluscs along a salinity gradient in a hypersaline coastal lagoon, southern Gulf of Mexico","volume":"103","author":"Su\u00e1rez-Mozo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2024.102756","article-title":"Effects of temperature, salinity and CO2 concentration on growth and toxin production of the harmful algal bloom species Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax (Dinophyceae) from the Danish Limfjord","volume":"140","author":"Tulatz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-32210-8_20","volume-title":"Ecology of harmful algae","author":"Turner","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3354\/meps059097","article-title":"Feeding interactions between planktonic copepods and red-tide flagellates from Japanese Coastal Waters","volume":"59","author":"Uye","year":"1990","journal-title":"Marine Ecology Progress Series"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2009.12.001","article-title":"Unbalanced N: P ratios and nutrient stress controlling growth and toxin production of the harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg) Dodge","volume":"9","author":"Varkitzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2019.05.003","article-title":"Cryptic speciation in Protoceratium reticulatum (Dinophyceae): Evidence from morphological, molecular and ecophysiological data","volume":"88","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B71","author":"Wobbrock","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B72","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Algal culturing techniques","author":"Wood","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2016.11.020","article-title":"Distinctly different behavioral responses of a copepod, Temora longicornis, to different strains of toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium spp","volume":"62","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026091211320418300_vgag227-B74","volume-title":"Orthogonal design: A powerful method for comparative effectiveness research with multiple interventions (Issue Brief)","author":"Zurovac","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/etojnl\/vgag227\/70673449\/vgag227.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/etojnl\/vgag227\/70673449\/vgag227.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T15:32:10Z","timestamp":1789227130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/etojnl\/vgag227\/8762938"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"references-count":74,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/etojnl\/vgag227","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7268","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"article-number":"vgag227"}}