{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:02:21Z","timestamp":1790359341236,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Wuhan Preventive Medicine Research Project","award":["WY22B02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WY22B02"]}]},{"name":"Health Commission of Wuhan Municipality","award":["WG20B02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WG20B02"]}]},{"name":"the Fund of Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control","award":["JF2024-G21 and OHIC2024K02 (to Y.W.)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JF2024-G21 and OHIC2024K02 (to Y.W.)"]}]},{"name":"the Medical Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong","award":["A2021183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A2021183"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen Municipality","award":["JCYJ20210324131213037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20210324131213037"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Herbicides such as chloroacetamides, chlorophenoxy acids, triazines, and bentazone are widely used in agriculture, contaminating aquatic ecosystems. However, their distribution and ecological risks in the Yangtze River are not clear. Thus, we analyzed 144 surface water samples (72 each in dry and wet seasons, respectively) collected from 72 sites along the Yangtze River mainstream, targeting 37 compounds, including these herbicides and their transformation products. Most compounds (31\/37) were detected in &amp;gt;90% of the samples. The dominant compounds were acetochlor oxanilic acid (median: 30.5\u2009ng\/L), atrazine (15.4), acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid (14.7), acetochlor (5.53), 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (5.27), followed by diaminochlorotriazine (4.72), bentazone (4.47), hydroxypropazine (3.93), prometryn (3.50), metolachlor (3.14), deethylatrazine (3.11), and others. The concentrations of the target compounds significantly increased from upstream to downstream; for example, the cumulative concentration in Shanghai (median: 660\u2009ng\/L) was approximately 300 times higher than that in Qinghai (2.18\u2009ng\/L). Significant seasonal variation was observed, with higher cumulative concentration in June (median: 198\u2009ng\/L) than December (63.9\u2009ng\/L; p &amp;lt; 0.05). The ecological risk assessment indicated that pretilachlor, acetochlor, prometryn, hydroxypropazine, hydroxyterbuthylazine, and butachlor oxanilic acid posed high risks (risk quotient of &amp;gt;1) to aquatic organisms in some sampling sites. This study is the first to report the occurrence of some transformation products of the herbicides (e.g., hydroxysimazine, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, and hydroxylated chlorophenoxy acids) in river water. Our findings highlighted the widespread occurrence of the herbicides in the Yangtze River, and targeted pollution mitigation for pretilachlor, acetochlor, prometryn, and their transformation products is urgently needed, especially in the downstream reaches including Jiangsu and Shanghai, to protect the aquatic organisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/etojnl\/vgag237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:51:25Z","timestamp":1788353485000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatial-seasonal distribution and ecological risk assessment of multiple herbicides (chloroacetamides, triazines, chlorophenoxy acids, bentazone) and their transformation products in the Yangtze River, China"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Fengting","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyuan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health Laboratory Service, Institute of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunqing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Nanshan 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