{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:04:32Z","timestamp":1792785872677,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010809","name":"German Environment Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry for the Environment, Climate Action, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety","award":["3720 63 4020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3720 63 4020"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05err5w18","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Growing concern about antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in agricultural soils, particularly due to application of organic fertilizers, has increased the need to better understand environmental reservoirs and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and their potential risks to human and animal health. In this study, soils from 51 agricultural sites across Germany were sampled between 2022 and 2024, aiming to determine antibiotic resistance occurrence and pharmaceutical product contamination in the soils and to evaluate the influence of different fertilization practices (mineral, organic, or combined). In addition, three reference soils from the German Environmental Specimen Bank were investigated to provide background levels with minimal anthropogenic influence. The relative abundance of targeted ARGs was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Resistance genes associated with macrolides (ermB) and tetracyclines (tetA) were most frequently detected, whereas aminoglycoside (aacC4, aadA1) and trimethoprim (dfrA1) resistance genes occurred only sporadically. Other ARGs were not detected, including those conferring resistance to \u03b2-lactams (blaCTX-M1), quinolones\/fluoroquinolones (qnrS), and colistin (mcr-3), indicating low abundance or absence in the evaluated sites. The class 1 integrase gene (intI1), indicative of mobile genetic elements, was detected at nearly all sites. Antibiotic resistance gene abundances varied among sites and were generally higher in soils receiving slurry\/manure, while reference soils showed consistently lower ARG prevalence. Although direct causal links between antibiotic residues and ARG occurrence could not be established due to generally rare detections of antibiotics, the observed spatial co-occurrence of high ARG findings and high sales of veterinary antibiotics underscores the importance of jointly evaluating chemical exposure, agricultural management, and resistance determinants in risk assessments of soils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/etojnl\/vgag242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:31:27Z","timestamp":1789705887000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chemical residues in agricultural land in Germany between 2022 and 2024\u2014Prevalence of selected antibiotic resistance genes in soil"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"D\u00edaz N.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Schmallenberg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisela","family":"B\u00f6hle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Schmallenberg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3205-3241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Essfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Schmallenberg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Schmallenberg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3301-5968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Udo","family":"Hommen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Schmallenberg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Schmallenberg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karlheinz","family":"Weinfurtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Schmallenberg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7190-5059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Environment Agency , Dessau-Ro\u00dflau,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Sch\u00f6nfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Environment Agency , Dessau-Ro\u00dflau,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9983-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia","family":"Kotschik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Environment Agency , Dessau-Ro\u00dflau,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092815530725000_vgag242-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emcon.2018.02.001","article-title":"Translocation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) into plant tissues: A review","volume":"3","author":"Al-Farsi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerging Contaminants"},{"key":"2026092815530725000_vgag242-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122579","article-title":"Integrons in the age of antibiotic resistance: Evolution, mechanisms, and environmental implications. 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