{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:04:32Z","timestamp":1792785872966,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Louisiana Board of Regents Research Competitiveness","award":["(2002-25)-RD-A-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(2002-25)-RD-A-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00jv89z46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Louisiana State University's","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ect4e57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Louisiana State University\u2019s President\u2019s Future Leaders","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ect4e57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chemicals released into aquatic environments are detected in surface waters globally, and some can disrupt thyroid hormone (TH) signaling in fishes. A key protein in this pathway is thyroperoxidase (TPO), which catalyzes synthesis of THs. Inhibition of TPO is associated with decreased THs, leading to a variety of adverse outcomes. However, there is uncertainty regarding species-specific sensitivities to inhibition of TPO among fishes and whether inhibitors in mammals share that activity in fishes. Therefore, this study applied the Amplex UltraRed TPO assay to compare in vitro sensitivities across five phylogenetically diverse fishes, namely red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), American eel (Anguilla rostrata), southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma), and spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus). The reference inhibitor, methimazole, and five environmentally relevant chemicals were evaluated to represent a range of potencies reported in the ToxCast mammalian-based assays. Methimazole inhibited TPO activity in all five species, with sensitivities within an order of magnitude. All evaluated chemicals, except dichlorvos, inhibited TPO activity, with all five species having similar sensitivities. Potency relative to methimazole varied across the tested chemicals, with the average potency ranking across species being methimazole\u2009&amp;gt;\u2009bisphenol A\u2009&amp;gt;\u2009chlorophene\u2009&amp;gt;\u2009chlorpyrifos\u2009&amp;gt;\u2009triclocarban\u2009&amp;gt;\u2009dichlorvos. Chemicals identified as TPO inhibitors in mammalian-based assays shared inhibitory activity across fishes, and relative potencies were conserved between mammals and fishes. This sensitivity was consistent across phylogenetically diverse species and is supported by the high level of conservation of TPO structure and function across vertebrate taxa. Taken together, these findings suggest that toxicity data from model fishes can be extrapolated to native species and mammalian-based ToxCast data can confidently be used as a source for predicting relative potencies of chemicals for inhibiting TPO of fishes in support of more objective ecological risk assessments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/etojnl\/vgag258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:27:11Z","timestamp":1790360831000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Species-specific sensitivity to in vitro inhibition of the thyroperoxidase enzyme by environmental pollutants for five fish"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3960-5742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vann","family":"Boyte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Eagon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4675-7172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cameron H","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M","family":"Lowrey-Dufour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nonnie E","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon A","family":"Doering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2015.12.015","article-title":"Thyroid disruption in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae: Different molecular response patterns lead to impaired eye development and visual functions","volume":"172","author":"Baumann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquatic Toxicology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071543","article-title":"Thyroid hormone disruptors interfere with molecular pathways of eye development and function in zebrafish","volume":"20","author":"Baumann","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20186","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5101-7","article-title":"Comparison of the sensitivity of four native Canadian fish species to 17-\u03b1 ethinylestradiol, using an in vitro liver explant assay","volume":"22","author":"Beitel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research International"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440601123529","article-title":"The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in fish and its role in fish development and reproduction","volume":"37","author":"Blanton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.09.005","article-title":"Thyroid effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals","volume":"355","author":"Boas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e3283305af7","article-title":"Environmental chemicals and thyroid function: An update","volume":"16","author":"Boas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(03)00138-4","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface and treated waters of Louisiana, USA and Ontario, Canada","volume":"311","author":"Boyd","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13011","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.24.13011","article-title":"The role of thyroid hormone in zebrafish and axolotl\u2009development","volume":"94","author":"Brown","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1897\/03-242","article-title":"Contaminant effects on the teleost fish thyroid","volume":"23","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00383","article-title":"Teleost metamorphosis: The role of thyroid hormone","volume":"10","author":"Campinho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339702500109","article-title":"Mechanistic data and risk assessment of selected toxic end points of the thyroid gland","volume":"25","author":"Capen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicologic Pathology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2000.9019","article-title":"Dietary genistein inactivates rat thyroid peroxidase in vivo without an apparent hypothyroid effect","volume":"168","author":"Chang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.29.181","article-title":"Changes in thyroid hormone levels during zebrafish development","volume":"29","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zoological Science"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0007","article-title":"Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone actions","volume":"31","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.74","article-title":"Evaluation of the amphibian metamorphosis assay: Exposure to the goitrogen methimazole and the endogenous thyroid hormone L-thyroxine","volume":"29","author":"Coady","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198411223112106","article-title":"Antithyroid drugs","volume":"311","author":"Cooper","year":"1984","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra042972","article-title":"Antithyroid drugs","volume":"352","author":"Cooper","year":"2005","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.457","article-title":"Prioritizing chemicals of ecological concern in Great Lakes tributaries using high-throughput screening data and adverse outcome pathways","volume":"686","author":"Corsi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfl063","article-title":"The effects of methimazole on development of the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, from embryo to adult","volume":"93","author":"Crane","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596585","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.596585","article-title":"The role of the thyroid axis in fish","volume":"11","author":"Deal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfi246","article-title":"Progress towards development of an amphibian-based thyroid screening assay using Xenopus laevis. Organismal and thyroidal responses to the model compounds 6-propylthiouracil, methimazole, and thyroxine","volume":"87","author":"Degitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9668","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00198a036","article-title":"Mechanism-based inactivation of lactoperoxidase and thyroid peroxidase by resorcinol derivatives","volume":"33","author":"Divi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7524","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b01438","article-title":"A cross-species quantitative adverse outcome pathway for activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor leading to early life stage mortality in birds and fish","volume":"52","author":"Doering","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfz115","article-title":"Differential sensitivity to in vitro inhibition of cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) activity among 18 freshwater fish","volume":"170","author":"Doering","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10470","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b02606","article-title":"Quantitative response-response relationships linking aromatase inhibition to decreased fecundity are conserved across three fish with asynchronous oocyte development","volume":"53","author":"Doering","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2019.104662","article-title":"A rapid assay of human thyroid peroxidase activity","volume":"62","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicology in Vitro"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.05.015","article-title":"Computational analysis of the ToxCast estrogen receptor agonist assays to predict vitellogenin induction by chemicals in male fish","volume":"53","author":"Dreier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5638","article-title":"Effects of alkylation on potency of benz[a]anthracene for AhR2 transactivation in nine species of freshwater fish","volume":"42","author":"Dubiel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.104994","article-title":"A critical review of synthetic chemicals in surface waters of the US, the EU and China","volume":"131","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/363449a0","article-title":"A point mutation in a Drosophila GABA receptor confers insecticide resistance","volume":"363","author":"Ffrench-Constant","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B31","first-page":"376","volume-title":"Environmental toxicology and risk assessment: Modeling and risk assessment","author":"Fort","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2016.06.025","article-title":"The teleost head kidney: Integrating thyroid and immune signalling","volume":"66","author":"Geven","year":"2017","journal-title":"Developmental and Comparative Immunology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B33","author":"GraphPad Prism","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2017.10.024","article-title":"Thyroid disrupting effects of halogenated and next generation chemicals on the swim bladder development of zebrafish","volume":"193","author":"Godfrey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aquatic Toxicology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5452","article-title":"AOP report: Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function in fish via altered retinal layer structure","volume":"41","author":"G\u00f6lz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfad063","article-title":"Cross-species applicability of an adverse outcome pathway network for thyroid hormone system disruption","volume":"195","author":"Haigis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfz227","article-title":"Extrapolating in vitro screening assay data for thyroperoxidase inhibition to predict serum thyroid hormones in the rat","volume":"173","author":"Hassan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfx163","article-title":"Neurodevelopment and thyroid hormone synthesis inhibition in the rat: Quantitative understanding within the adverse outcome pathway framework","volume":"160","author":"Hassan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv090","article-title":"In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo determination of thyroid hormone modulating activity of benzothiazoles","volume":"146","author":"Hornung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfq166","article-title":"Inhibition of thyroid hormone release from cultured amphibian thyroid glands by methimazole, 6-propylthiouracil, and perchlorate","volume":"118","author":"Hornung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110731","article-title":"Ecotoxicity of chlorpyrifos to aquatic organisms: A review","volume":"200","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B42","volume-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 31.0.0.0)","author":"IBM Corp","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(95)01017-3","article-title":"The role of thyroid hormone in tissue development in metamorphosing flounder","volume":"135","author":"Inui","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012529650-2\/50016-0","volume-title":"The laboratory fish","author":"Janz","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.14573\/altex.1412201","article-title":"Simple and rapid in vitro assay for detecting human thyroid peroxidase disruption","volume":"32","author":"Jomaa","year":"2015","journal-title":"ALTEX"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1994.1476","article-title":"Simultaneous measurement of cytochrome P4501A catalytic activity and total protein concentration with a fluorescence plate reader","volume":"222","author":"Kennedy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Analytical Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0310","article-title":"Factors influencing the study of peroxidase-generated iodine species and implications for thyroglobulin synthesis","volume":"18","author":"Kessler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"145","key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2013.09.004","article-title":"Molecular target sequence similarity as a basis for species extrapolation to assess the ecological risk of chemicals with known modes of action","volume":"144","author":"LaLone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquatic Toxicology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13960","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b04587","article-title":"Evidence for cross species extrapolation of mammalian-based high-throughput screening assay results","volume":"52","author":"LaLone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-0436.2002.700104.x","article-title":"Thyroid hormones are important for embryonic to larval transitory phase in zebrafish","volume":"70","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Differentiation; Research in Biological Diversity"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8420","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502901102","article-title":"A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mutation conferring target-site resistance to imidacloprid in Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper)","volume":"102","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03766-7","article-title":"In vitro assessment of thyroid peroxidase inhibition by chemical exposure: Comparison of cell models and detection methods","volume":"98","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Archives of Toxicology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-025-04258-y","article-title":"In vitro thyroperoxidase inhibition assessment by LC-ICP-MS-based L-tyrosine iodination assay: Comparison with Amplex Ultrared assay and its modifications","volume":"100","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Archives of Toxicology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.1999.83121.x","article-title":"A sodium channel point mutation is associated with resistance to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Amphididae)","volume":"8","author":"Martinez-Torres","year":"1999","journal-title":"Insect Molecular Biology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385979-2.00005-8","volume-title":"Current topics in developmental biology","author":"McMenamin","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-43-1-152","article-title":"Effect of antithyroid agents 6-propyl-2-thiouracil and l-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole on human thyroid iodide peroxidase","volume":"43","author":"Nagasaka","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2015.12.024","article-title":"Impaired anterior swim bladder inflation following exposure to the thyroid peroxidase inhibitor 2-mercaptobenzothiazole part I: Fathead minnow","volume":"173","author":"Nelson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquatic Toxicology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95001","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP5297","article-title":"Evaluating chemicals for thyroid disruption: Opportunities and challenges with in vitro testing and adverse outcome pathway approaches","volume":"127","author":"Noyes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2825","article-title":"Establishment of transactivation assay systems using fish, amphibian, reptilian and human thyroid hormone receptors","volume":"33","author":"Oka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Toxicology: JAT"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1897\/04-214r.1","article-title":"Description and initial evaluation of a Xenopus metamorphosis assay for detection of thyroid system-disrupting activities of environmental compounds","volume":"24","author":"Opitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfy190","article-title":"Thyroid hormone disruption in the fetal and neonatal rat: Predictive hormone measures and bioindicators of hormone action in the developing cortex","volume":"166","author":"O\u2019Shaughnessy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfw034","article-title":"Tiered high-throughput screening approach to identify thyroperoxidase inhibitors within the ToxCast phase I and II chemical libraries","volume":"151","author":"Paul Friedman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2013.08.006","article-title":"Cross-species analysis of thyroperoxidase inhibition by xenobiotics demonstrates conservation of response between pig and rat","volume":"312","author":"Paul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1021\/tx400310w","article-title":"Development of a thyroperoxidase inhibition assay for high-throughput screening","volume":"27","author":"Paul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemical Research in Toxicology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/s1532-0456(01)00271-x","article-title":"Thyroid hormones in growth and development of fish","volume":"130","author":"Power","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6844","DOI":"10.1021\/es9012454","article-title":"Simple, rapid zebrafish larva bioassay for assessing the potential of chemical pollutants and drugs to disrupt thyroid gland function","volume":"43","author":"Rald\u00faa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2005.06.023","article-title":"Structural and functional aspects of thyroid peroxidase","volume":"445","author":"Ruf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1280","article-title":"The ultraviolet filter benzophenone 2 interferes with the thyroid hormone axis in rats and is a potent in vitro inhibitor of human recombinant thyroid peroxidase","volume":"148","author":"Schmutzler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-113-1-362","article-title":"Mechanism of action of thioureylene antithyroid drugs in the rat: Possible inactivation of thyroid peroxidase by propylthiouracil","volume":"113","author":"Shiroozu","year":"1983","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2015.12.023","article-title":"Impaired anterior swim bladder inflation following exposure to the thyroid peroxidase inhibitor 2-mercaptobenzothiazole part II: Zebrafish","volume":"173","author":"Stinckens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquatic Toxicology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6213","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b07204","article-title":"Effect of thyroperoxidase and deiodinase inhibition on anterior swim bladder inflation in the zebrafish","volume":"54","author":"Stinckens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B72","author":"Taurog","year":"1970"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1996.0222","article-title":"Mechanism of simultaneous iodination and coupling catalyzed by thyroid peroxidase","volume":"330","author":"Taurog","year":"1996","journal-title":"Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7525","DOI":"10.1021\/es202248h","article-title":"Zebrafish eleutheroembryos provide a suitable vertebrate model for screening chemicals that impair thyroid hormone synthesis","volume":"45","author":"Thienpont","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10182","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b02451","article-title":"Developmental and persistent toxicities of maternally deposited selenomethionine in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"49","author":"Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2010.01.014","article-title":"Early temporal effects of three thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitors in Xenopus laevis","volume":"98","author":"Tietge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aquatic Toxicology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2012.10.013","article-title":"Inhibition of the thyroid hormone pathway in Xenopus laevis by 2-mercaptobenzothiazole","volume":"126","author":"Tietge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquatic Toxicology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1042\/BC20060074","article-title":"Expression of enzymes involved in thyroid hormone metabolism during the early development of Xenopus tropicalis","volume":"99","author":"Tindall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biology of the Cell"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7439","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b00704","article-title":"Understanding the molecular basis for differences in responses of fish estrogen receptor subtypes to environmental estrogens","volume":"49","author":"Tohyama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B80","author":"U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-012-1010-4","article-title":"Sensitivity of early life stages of white sturgeon, rainbow trout, and fathead minnow to copper","volume":"22","author":"Vardy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.06.067","article-title":"Simultaneous quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in Mississippi River water, in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0107","article-title":"Environmental chemicals impacting the thyroid: Targets and consequences","volume":"17","author":"Zoeller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440591007313","article-title":"Mode of action: Developmental thyroid hormone insufficiency\u2014Neurological abnormalities resulting from exposure to propylthiouracil","volume":"35","author":"Zoeller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology"},{"key":"2026102309414131600_vgag258-B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440601123446","article-title":"General background on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis","volume":"37","author":"Zoeller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/etojnl\/vgag258\/71398294\/vgag258.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/etojnl\/vgag258\/71398294\/vgag258.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T13:41:49Z","timestamp":1792762909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/etojnl\/vgag258\/8836104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":85,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/etojnl\/vgag258","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7268","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"article-number":"vgag258"}}