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Sparse data exist on the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in ICI-associated myocarditis. In this study, the CMR characteristics and the association between CMR features and cardiovascular events among patients with ICI-associated myocarditis are presented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From an international registry of patients with ICI-associated myocarditis, clinical, CMR, and histopathological findings were collected. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were a composite of cardiovascular death, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, and complete heart block. In 103 patients diagnosed with ICI-associated myocarditis who had a CMR, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 50%, and 61% of patients had an LVEF \u226550%. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was present in 48% overall, 55% of the reduced EF, and 43% of the preserved EF cohort. Elevated T2-weighted short tau inversion recovery (STIR) was present in 28% overall, 30% of the reduced EF, and 26% of the preserved EF cohort. The presence of LGE increased from 21.6%, when CMR was performed within 4\u2009days of admission to 72.0% when CMR was performed on Day 4 of admission or later. Fifty-six patients had cardiac pathology. Late gadolinium enhancement was present in 35% of patients with pathological fibrosis and elevated T2-weighted STIR signal was present in 26% with a lymphocytic infiltration. Forty-one patients (40%) had MACE over a follow-up time of 5\u2009months. The presence of LGE, LGE pattern, or elevated T2-weighted STIR were not associated with MACE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data suggest caution in reliance on LGE or a qualitative T2-STIR-only approach for the exclusion of ICI-associated myocarditis.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T07:39:58Z","timestamp":1579592398000},"page":"1733-1743","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":337,"title":["Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9341-5832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lili","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Division of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital , 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114, USA"},{"name":"Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7229-0903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magid","family":"Awadalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Division of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital , 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114, USA"},{"name":"Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6938-1321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed S","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center , 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anju","family":"Nohria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio-Oncology Program, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4871-4734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malek Z O","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Division of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital , 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8727-7154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franck","family":"Thuny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aix-Marseille University, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Mediterranean university, Cardio-Oncology center (MEDI-CO center), Unit of Heart Failure and Valvular Heart Diseases, H\u00f4pital Nord , Jardin du Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon 13007, Marseille, France"},{"name":"Groupe M\u00e9diterran\u00e9en de Cardio-Oncologie (gMEDICO) , AP-HM, Chemin des Bourrely, 13015, Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix-Marseille University, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN) , Inserm 1263, Inra 1260, 13385 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9007-7295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel A","family":"Zlotoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5928-5974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean P","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Division of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital , 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9122-3311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James R","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doll Lauren Alexandra","family":"Golden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Division of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital , 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raza M","family":"Alvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Division of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital , 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1551-3522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Rokicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Division of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital , 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114, USA"},{"name":"Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maeve","family":"Jones-O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Division of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital , 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114, 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Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute and University of South Florida , 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7876-1633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol L","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College , 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipti","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College , 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9573-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael C","family":"Kirchberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU) , Schlo\u00dfplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javid J","family":"Moslehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio-Oncology Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4428-5186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Otavio R","family":"Coelho-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, State University of Campinas, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria Zeferino Vaz - Bar\u00e3o Geraldo , Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0296-6864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarju","family":"Ganatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center , 41 Burlington Mall Road, Burlington, MA 01805, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2014-6069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad A","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital , 1200 S Cedar Crest Blvd, Allentown, PA 18103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3503-6041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gagan","family":"Sahni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, The Mount Sinai Hospital , 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5983-688X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo G","family":"Tocchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University , via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Mercurio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University , via S. 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Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute and University of South Florida , 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6497-1098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paaladinesh","family":"Thavendiranathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, Division of Cardiology, Toronto General Hospital, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas G","family":"Neilan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Division of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital , 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114, USA"},{"name":"Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 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Oncol"},{"key":"2022101805361075400_ehaa051-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.037","article-title":"Myocarditis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"71","author":"Mahmood","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2022101805361075400_ehaa051-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.3923","article-title":"Fatal toxic effects associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2022101805361075400_ehaa051-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0535-y","article-title":"Influenza vaccination and myocarditis among patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"7","author":"Awadalla","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunother 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