{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T13:43:14Z","timestamp":1786282994161,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]],"date-time":"2020-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We are witnessing an unparalleled pandemic caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Current data show that SARS-CoV-2 results in mild flu-like symptoms in the majority of healthy and young patients affected. Nevertheless, the severity of COVID-19 respiratory syndrome and the risk of adverse or catastrophic outcomes are increased in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD)\u2014by definition\u2014have underlying cardiovascular disease. Many patients with ACHD are also afflicted with residual haemodynamic lesions such as valve dysfunction, diminished ventricular function, arrhythmias or cyanosis, have extracardiac comorbidities, and face additional challenges regarding pregnancy. Currently, there are emerging data of the effect of COVID-19 on ACHD patients, but many aspects, especially risk stratification and treatment considerations, remain unclear. In this article, we aim to discuss the broad impact of COVID-19 on ACHD patients, focusing specifically on pathophysiology, risk stratification for work, self-isolation, hospitalization, impact on pregnancy, psychosocial health, and longer-term implications for the provision of ACHD care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T15:13:06Z","timestamp":1604675586000},"page":"1858-1865","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Coronavirus disease 2019 in adults with congenital heart disease: a position paper from the ESC working group of adult congenital heart disease, and the International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3050-5248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerhard-Paul","family":"Diller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology III \u2013 Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, University Hospital Muenster , Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Muenster,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Adult Congenital Heart Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust , Sydney Street, SW3 6NP London,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Kings College , WC2R 2LS London,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A","family":"Gatzoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Congenital Heart Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust , Sydney Street, SW3 6NP London,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College , Dovehouse Street, SW3 6LY London,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Aristotle University Medical School , Thessaloniki,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig S","family":"Broberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamil","family":"Aboulhosn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ahmanson\/UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Center , 100 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 630 East, Los Angeles, CA 90095,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8754-8156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita","family":"Brida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Kings College , WC2R 2LS London,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Division for Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Centre Zagreb , Kispaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb,","place":["Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4006-8929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Schwerzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Congenital Heart Disease, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010 Bern,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Chessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACHD Unit, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato , Piazza Edmondo Malan, 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese MI,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne H","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6770-3830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolien","family":"Roos-Hesselink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACHD Unit, Erasmus Medical Center , P.O. 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