{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T06:17:39Z","timestamp":1793945859778,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92020D00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92020D00001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN268201500003I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201500003I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC-95159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC-95159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92020D00005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92020D00005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC-95160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC-95160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92020D00002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92020D00002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC-95161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC-95161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92020D00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92020D00003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC-95162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC-95162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92020D00006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92020D00006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC-95163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC-95163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92020D00004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92020D00004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC-95164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC-95164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92020D00007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92020D00007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC-95165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC-95165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC-95166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC-95166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC-95167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC-95167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC-95168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC-95168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC-95169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC-95169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1-TR-000040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1-TR-000040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1-TR-001079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1-TR-001079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1-TR-001420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1-TR-001420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ketone bodies (KB) are an important alternative metabolic fuel source for the myocardium. Experimental and human investigations suggest that KB may have protective effects in patients with heart failure. This study aimed to examine the association between KB and cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in an ethnically diverse population free from cardiovascular disease (CVD).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This analysis included 6796 participants (mean age 62 \u00b1 10 years, 53% women) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Total KB was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of total KB with cardiovascular outcomes. At a mean follow-up of 13.6 years, after adjusting for traditional CVD risk factors, increasing total KB was associated with a higher rate of hard CVD, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, resuscitated cardiac arrest, stroke, and cardiovascular death, and all CVD (additionally included adjudicated angina) [hazard ratio, HR (95% confidence interval, CI): 1.54 (1.12\u20132.12) and 1.37 (1.04\u20131.80) per 10-fold increase in total KB, respectively]. Participants also experienced an 87% (95% CI: 1.17\u20132.97) increased rate of CVD mortality and an 81% (1.45\u20132.23) increased rate of all-cause mortality per 10-fold increase in total KB. Moreover, a higher rate of incident heart failure was observed with increasing total KB [1.68 (1.07\u20132.65), per 10-fold increase in total KB].<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study found that elevated endogenous KB in a healthy community-based population is associated with a higher rate of CVD and mortality. Ketone bodies could serve as a potential biomarker for cardiovascular risk assessment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T19:16:16Z","timestamp":1678216576000},"page":"1636-1646","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Circulating ketone bodies and cardiovascular outcomes: the MESA study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1162-2991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elad","family":"Shemesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center , 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906 , Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4084-8175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parag Anilkumar","family":"Chevli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tareq","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center , 100 N. Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17822 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles A","family":"German","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago , 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 6080, Chicago, IL 60637 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Otvos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Diagnostics , Morrisville, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Yeboah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"deFilippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inova Heart and Vascular Institute , 3300 Gallows Rd, Falls Church, VA 22042 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joao A C","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Blaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University , 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambarish","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0885-1953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muthiah","family":"Vaduganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , MA75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 20115 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9071-3287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165739","article-title":"Cardiac ketone body metabolism","volume":"1866","author":"Abdul Kadir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.12.022","article-title":"Multi-dimensional roles of ketone bodies in fuel metabolism, signaling, and therapeutics","volume":"25","author":"Puchalska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017545","article-title":"Evidence for intramyocardial disruption of lipid metabolism and increased myocardial ketone utilization in advanced human heart failure","volume":"133","author":"Bedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017355","article-title":"The failing heart relies on ketone bodies as a fuel","volume":"133","author":"Aubert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.045033","article-title":"Implications of altered ketone metabolism and therapeutic ketosis in heart failure","volume":"141","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.021230","article-title":"Ketones step to the plate A game changer for metabolic remodeling in heart failure?","volume":"133","author":"Kolwicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1227166","article-title":"Suppression of oxidative stress by beta-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous histone deacetylase inhibitor","volume":"339","author":"Shimazu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005066","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.005066","article-title":"Ketone body infusion with 3-hydroxybutyrate reduces myocardial glucose uptake and increases blood flow in humans: a positron emission tomography study","volume":"6","author":"Gormsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e124079","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124079","article-title":"The failing heart utilizes 3-hydroxybutyrate as a metabolic stress defense","volume":"4","author":"Horton","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036459","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of treatment with the ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate in chronic heart failure patients","volume":"139","author":"Nielsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3987-3","article-title":"SGLT2 Inhibition and cardiovascular events: why did EMPA-REG outcomes surprise and what were the likely mechanisms? (vol 59, pg 1333, 2016)","volume":"59","author":"Sattar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060402","article-title":"Metabolomic profiling of the effects of dapagliflozin in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: dEFINE-HF","volume":"146","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-16-0011","article-title":"Exhaled acetone concentration is related to hemodynamic severity in patients with non-ischemic chronic heart failure","volume":"80","author":"Yokokawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0168790","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168790","article-title":"Impact of exhaled breath acetone in the prognosis of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). One year of clinical follow-up","volume":"11","author":"Marcondes-Braga","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaay8329","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay8329","article-title":"Elevated plasma \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate predicts adverse outcomes and disease progression in patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054","article-title":"Association of circulating ketone bodies with functional outcomes after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"78","author":"de Koning","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf113","article-title":"Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis: objectives and design","volume":"156","author":"Bild","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27597","article-title":"Dietary patterns and incident cardiovascular disease in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"90","author":"Nettleton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.01.025","article-title":"N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin as markers for heart failure and cardiovascular disease risks according to glucose status (from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis [MESA])","volume":"125","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020321","article-title":"Ketone bodies are mildly elevated in subjects with type 2 diabetes Mellitus and are inversely associated with insulin resistance as measured by the lipoprotein insulin resistance Index","volume":"9","author":"Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072100","article-title":"Coronary calcium as a predictor of coronary events in four racial or ethnic groups","volume":"358","author":"Detrano","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017719","article-title":"Introduction to the analysis of survival data in the presence of competing risks","volume":"133","author":"Austin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.4.561","article-title":"Within- and between-subject variation in commonly measured anthropometric and biochemical variables","volume":"45","author":"Widjaja","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006885","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006885","article-title":"Association between circulating ketone bodies and worse outcomes in hemodialysis patients","volume":"6","author":"Obokata","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13132","article-title":"Novel biomarkers associated with incident heart failure in 10 106 Finnish men","volume":"8","author":"Jauhiainen","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1905136","article-title":"Effects of intermittent fasting on health, aging, and disease","volume":"381","author":"de Cabo","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B28","first-page":"1881","article-title":"Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"380","author":"Akinci","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022190","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure","volume":"383","author":"Packer","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051824","article-title":"Effect of empagliflozin on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with heart failure by baseline diabetes Status: results from the EMPEROR-reduced trial","volume":"143","author":"Anker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061804","article-title":"Reduction of cardio-metabolic risk and body weight through a multiphasic very-low calorie ketogenic diet program in women with overweight\/obesity: a study in a real-world setting","volume":"13","author":"Tragni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88102","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088102","article-title":"1H-NMR-based Metabolic analysis of human serum reveals novel markers of myocardial energy expenditure in heart failure patients","volume":"9","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1205","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.281.6.E1205","article-title":"Chronic exposure to beta-hydroxybutyrate impairs insulin action in primary cultures of adult cardiomyocytes","volume":"281","author":"Tardif","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(93)90023-X","article-title":"Insulin resistance in the regulation of lipolysis and ketone body metabolism in non-insulin dependent diabetes is apparent at very low insulin concentrations","volume":"20","author":"Singh","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1355","article-title":"Metabolic signatures of insulin resistance in 7,098 young adults","volume":"61","author":"W\u00fcrtz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10842","article-title":"Obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"106","author":"Kahn","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13468","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13468","article-title":"Association of beta-hydroxybutyrate with development of heart failure: sex differences in a Dutch population cohort","volume":"51","author":"Flores-Guerrero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.005264","article-title":"Cardiac troponin T measured by a highly sensitive assay predicts coronary heart disease, heart failure, and mortality in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study","volume":"123","author":"Saunders","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.884866","article-title":"B-Type natriuretic peptides and cardiovascular risk","volume":"120","author":"Di Angelantonio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1182","article-title":"Cardiac natriuretic peptides, obesity, and insulin resistance: evidence from two community-based studies","volume":"96","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2892","article-title":"Exhaled acetone as a new biomaker of heart failure severity","volume":"142","author":"Marcondes-Braga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2011.09.070","article-title":"Metabolic profiles predict adverse events after coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"143","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2023080919094869400_ehad087-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484","article-title":"2021 ESC guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: developed by the task force for cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice with representatives of the European Society of Cardiology and 12 medical societies with the special contribution of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC)","volume":"42","author":"Visseren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article-pdf\/44\/18\/1636\/51077870\/ehad087.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article-pdf\/44\/18\/1636\/51077870\/ehad087.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T19:10:51Z","timestamp":1691608251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article\/44\/18\/1636\/7070554"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad087","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-668X","1522-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-668X","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-9645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]}}}