{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T20:13:56Z","timestamp":1793736836119,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017506","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AS-PG-18-013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-PG-18-013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017506","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["201292\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201292\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council","award":["MC_UU_00019\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_00019\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with depression are up to 72% more at risk to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) in their lifetime. Evidence-based psychotherapies are first-line interventions for the treatment of depression and are delivered nationally in England through the National Health Service via the Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) primary care programme. It is currently unknown whether positive therapy outcomes may be associated with cardiovascular risk reduction. This study aimed to examine the association between psychotherapy outcomes for depression and incident CVD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cohort of 636 955 individuals who have completed a course of psychotherapy was built from linked electronic healthcare record databases of national coverage in England: the national IAPT database, the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database, and the HES\u2013ONS (Office of National Statistics) mortality database. Multivariable Cox models adjusting for clinical and demographic covariates were run to estimate the association between reliable improvement from depression and the risk of subsequent incidence of cardiovascular events. After a median follow-up of 3.1 years, reliable improvement from depression symptoms was associated with a lower risk of new onset of any CVD [hazard ratio (HR): 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86, 0.89], coronary heart disease (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.92), stroke (HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.94), and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.84). This association was stronger in the under 60 compared with the over 60 for all outcomes. Results were confirmed in sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Management of depression through psychological interventions may be associated with reduced risk of CVD. More research is needed to understand the causality of these associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T00:09:26Z","timestamp":1681862966000},"page":"1650-1662","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Psychological therapies for depression and cardiovascular risk: evidence from national healthcare records in England"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7212-1835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"El Baou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adapt Lab, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL , 1-19 Torrington Place, Camden, London WC1E 7HB , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4221-1546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roopal","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adapt Lab, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL , 1-19 Torrington Place, Camden, London WC1E 7HB , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2777-7616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK"},{"name":"Tower Hamlets Memory Service, East London NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0669-6910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie L","family":"Marchant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marchant Lab, Division of Psychiatry, UCL , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Pilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL , London , UK"},{"name":"Camden & Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9191-2192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, UCL , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7077-8729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adapt Lab, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL , 1-19 Torrington Place, Camden, London WC1E 7HB , UK"},{"name":"Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2281-0907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua E J","family":"Buckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL , London , UK"},{"name":"iCope\u2014Camden & Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4096-5109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North East London NHS Foundation Trust (NELFT) , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8207-7698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adapt Lab, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL , 1-19 Torrington Place, Camden, London WC1E 7HB , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1361-053X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Stott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adapt Lab, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL , 1-19 Torrington Place, Camden, London WC1E 7HB , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990\u20132019: update from the GBD 2019 study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B2","author":"United Nations"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.10.028","article-title":"Vascular risk factors and depression in later life: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Valkanova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20420","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease in patients with pooled and specific severe mental illness: a large-scale meta-analysis of 3,211,768 patients and 113,383,368 controls","volume":"16","author":"Correll","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.02.094","article-title":"Lifestyle advice and interventions for cardiovascular risk reduction: a systematic review of guidelines","volume":"263","author":"Khanji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2016.00033","article-title":"Depression and the link with cardiovascular disease","volume":"7","author":"Dhar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B7","first-page":"87","article-title":"Diabetes and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis","volume":"28","author":"Chan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-021-00011-7","article-title":"Low depression frequency is associated with decreased risk of cardiometabolic disease","volume":"1","author":"Honigberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmab031","article-title":"Evidence for depression and anxiety as risk factors for heart disease and stroke: implications for primary care","volume":"38","author":"Ryder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.12968\/bjmh.2018.0033","article-title":"Risk of cardiovascular disease in people taking psychotropic medication: a literature review","volume":"8","author":"Mwebe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484","article-title":"2021 ESC guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: developed by the task force for cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice with representatives of the European Society of Cardiology and 12 medical societies with the special contribution of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC)","volume":"42","author":"Visseren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13979","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.12r07757","article-title":"Patient preference for psychological vs pharmacologic treatment of psychiatric disorders: a meta-analytic review","volume":"74","author":"McHugh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n2061","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n2061","article-title":"A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: update of Medical Research Council guidance","volume":"374","author":"Skivington","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac053","article-title":"Long-term trends in the epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in the UK: insights from the British Heart Foundation statistical compendium","volume":"118","author":"Cheema","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz859","article-title":"European Society of Cardiology: cardiovascular disease statistics 2019","volume":"41","author":"Timmis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001885","article-title":"The REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected health Data (RECORD) statement","volume":"12","author":"Benchimol","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084833","article-title":"Realizing the mass public benefit of evidence-based psychological therapies: the IAPT program","volume":"14","author":"Clark","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105318803751","article-title":"A cost-benefit analysis of the improving access to psychological therapies programme using its key defining outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Steen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114675","article-title":"The impact of mental health support for the chronically ill on hospital utilisation: evidence from the UK","volume":"294","author":"Gruber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B20","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B21","author":"NHS Digital"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B22","author":"NHS Digital"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B23","author":"NHS Digital"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq-2019-000629","article-title":"Reducing avoidable chest pain admissions and implementing high-sensitivity troponin testing","volume":"8","author":"Bhatti","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open Qual"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B25","volume-title":"A Guide to Linked Mortality Data from Hospital Episode Statistics and the Office for National Statistics","author":"NHS Digital","year":"2015"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B26","volume-title":"The Improving Access to Psychological Therapies Manual","author":"National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.06.084","article-title":"Older adults respond better to psychological therapy than working-age adults: evidence from a large sample of mental health service attendees","volume":"294","author":"Saunders","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-022-02256-4","article-title":"Understanding differences in mental health service use by men: an intersectional analysis of routine data","volume":"57","author":"Smyth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B29","article-title":"Health survey for England 2017 cardiovascular diseases","author":"Scholes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Off Nat Stat"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2017.1423031","article-title":"Psychosocial interventions for people with dementia: a synthesis of systematic reviews","volume":"23","author":"McDermott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53360.x","article-title":"Dementia and Alzheimer's disease incidence in relationship to cardiovascular disease in the cardiovascular health study cohort","volume":"53","author":"Newman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriat Soc"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12792","article-title":"Recurrent hospitalizations are associated with increased mortality across the ejection fraction range in heart failure","volume":"7","author":"Huusko","year":"2020","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000688","article-title":"Validity of cardiovascular disease event ascertainment using linkage to UK hospital records","volume":"28","author":"Kivim\u00e4ki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-20020901-06","article-title":"The PHQ-9: a new depression diagnostic and severity measure","volume":"32","author":"Kroenke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatr Ann"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1017\/S1754470X20000306","article-title":"The successful impact of adapting CBT in IAPT for people with complex long-term physical health conditions","volume":"13","author":"Panchal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Ther"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-017-0487-4","article-title":"ACSC Indicator: testing reliability for hypertension","volume":"17","author":"Walker","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckp073","article-title":"Large-scale epidemiological data on cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in migrant and ethnic minority groups in Europe","volume":"19","author":"Rafnsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12982-016-0053-z","article-title":"Comparison of dementia recorded in routinely collected hospital admission data in England with dementia recorded in primary care","volume":"13","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Themes Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13285","article-title":"Is social support pre-treatment associated with prognosis for adults with depression in primary care?","volume":"143","author":"Buckman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-021-06954-y","article-title":"Fatty liver Index and development of cardiovascular disease: findings from the UK biobank","volume":"66","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2013.06.004","article-title":"Enhancing recovery rates: lessons from year one of IAPT","volume":"51","author":"Gyani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B43","first-page":"631","volume-title":"Clinical Significance: A Statistical Approach to Defining Meaningful Change in Psychotherapy Research. Methodological Issues & Strategies in Clinical Research","author":"Jacobson","year":"1992"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031855","article-title":"Quantifying importance of Major risk factors for coronary heart disease","volume":"139","author":"Pencina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i2416","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2416","article-title":"Prediction models for cardiovascular disease risk in the general population: systematic review","volume":"353","author":"Damen","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61752-3","article-title":"The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective","volume":"383","author":"Mahmood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.0100","article-title":"Socioeconomic indicators of treatment prognosis for adults with depression: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Buckman","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796021000342","article-title":"Role of age, gender and marital status in prognosis for adults with depression: an individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Buckman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721001616","article-title":"Understanding the psychological therapy treatment outcomes for young adults who are not in education, employment, or training (NEET), moderators of outcomes, and what might be done to improve them","author":"Buckman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721001367","article-title":"The contribution of depressive \u2018disorder characteristics\u2019 to determinations of prognosis for adults with depression: an individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Buckman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721001616","article-title":"Predicting prognosis for adults with depression using individual symptom data: a comparison of modelling approaches","volume":"53","author":"Buckman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2006.108167","article-title":"Adding social deprivation and family history to cardiovascular risk assessment: the ASSIGN score from the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort (SHHEC)","volume":"93","author":"Woodward","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1017\/S1754470X20000173","article-title":"Improvement in IAPT outcomes over time: are they driven by changes in clinical practice?","volume":"13","author":"Saunders","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Therap"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613504966","article-title":"The new statistics: why and how","volume":"25","author":"Cumming","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0442-1","article-title":"When and how should multiple imputation be used for handling missing data in randomised clinical trials\u2014a practical guide with flowcharts","volume":"17","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2307\/2529620","article-title":"Covariance analysis of censored survival data","volume":"30","author":"Breslow","year":"1974","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/67.1.145","article-title":"Chi-squared goodness-of-fit tests for the proportional hazards regression model","volume":"67","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B58","first-page":"87","article-title":"Understanding the effect of categorization of a continuous predictor with application to neuro oncology","volume":"9","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurooncol Pract"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000115)19:1<113::AID-SIM245>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Categorizing a prognostic variable: review of methods, code for easy implementation and applications to decision-making about cancer treatments","volume":"19","author":"Mazumdar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.03.004","article-title":"Ignoring competing events in the analysis of survival data may lead to biased results: a nonmathematical illustration of competing risk analysis","volume":"122","author":"Schuster","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1601600410","article-title":"Strcs: a command for fitting flexible parametric survival models on the log-hazard scale","volume":"16","author":"Bower","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stata J"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m688","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m688","article-title":"Associations of fat and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality: prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants","volume":"368","author":"Ho","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.7247","article-title":"Effect of a comprehensive cardiovascular risk reduction intervention in persons with serious mental illness: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"3","author":"Daumit","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B64","first-page":"459","article-title":"Secondary cardiovascular prevention in older adults: an evidence based review","volume":"12","author":"Damluji","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Geriat Cardiol"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2016.03.002","article-title":"Vascular risk assessment in older adults without a history of cardiovascular disease","volume":"79","author":"Bambrick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.06.002","article-title":"Associations of multidomain lifestyle intervention with frailty: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"131","author":"de Souto Barreto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721714538925","article-title":"Depression and adherence to lifestyle changes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Sumlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059139","article-title":"Internet-Delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with mild to moderate depression and high cardiovascular disease risks: a randomised attention-controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Glozier","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.03.022","article-title":"Biological markers evaluated in randomized trials of psychological treatments for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"Cristea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B70","volume":"32","year":"2010"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.5.1.37","article-title":"Regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity in response to cognitive therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"5","author":"Tafet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0064-2","article-title":"Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty","volume":"15","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2016.07.003","article-title":"The interface of depression and obesity","volume":"11","author":"Jantaratnotai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2015.1022901","article-title":"A meta-meta-analysis of the effect of physical activity on depression and anxiety in non-clinical adult populations","volume":"9","author":"Rebar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002070","article-title":"Association of physical activity or fitness with incident heart failure","volume":"8","author":"Echouffo-Tcheugui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-006-9056-5","article-title":"Social support and health: a review of physiological processes potentially underlying links to disease outcomes","volume":"29","author":"Uchino","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465817000819","article-title":"The impact of alcohol use on drop-out and psychological treatment outcomes in improving access to psychological therapies services: an audit","volume":"46","author":"Buckman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Psychother"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v9.i5.396","article-title":"Sleep, health behaviors, and behavioral interventions: reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults","volume":"9","author":"Kaar","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2018.1518404","article-title":"Modernizing the Bradford Hill criteria for assessing causal relationships in observational data","volume":"48","author":"Cox","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/ap.12360","article-title":"Older adults\u2019 perceptions of psychotherapy: what is it and who is responsible?","volume":"54","author":"Hannaford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust Psychol"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/jpoc.21080","article-title":"Mental health inequalities facing U.K. minority ethnic populations","volume":"3","author":"Grey","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychol Issues Organ Cult"},{"key":"2023050700205366500_ehad188-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20486","article-title":"Increasing equity in access to mental health care: a critical first step in improving service quality","volume":"17","author":"Alegr\u00eda","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article-pdf\/44\/18\/1650\/50213738\/ehad188.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article-pdf\/44\/18\/1650\/50213738\/ehad188.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T02:49:29Z","timestamp":1702090169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article\/44\/18\/1650\/7097470"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad188","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-668X","1522-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-668X","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-9645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]}}}