{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:00:40Z","timestamp":1787241640837,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"48","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of overweight and obesity has reached pandemic proportions. Obesity is known to increase the risk for Type 2 diabetes and hypertension, as well as the risk for overt cardiovascular (CV) disease, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. The rising prevalence of obesity may counteract the recent advances in primary and secondary prevention of CV disease. Overweight and obesity are common in patients with CV disease; however, cardiologists face several challenges in managing body weight in this population. Many may not consider obesity as a therapeutic target probably because there were no previous highly effective and safe pharmacologic interventions to consider. In addition, they may not have the expertise or resources to implement lifestyle interventions and may have limited familiarity with obesity pharmacotherapy. Moreover, the long-term CV effects of obesity pharmacotherapy remain uncertain due to limited CV outcome data with weight loss as the primary intervention. Although current CV guidelines recognize the importance of weight loss, they primarily focus on lifestyle modifications, with fewer details on strategies to utilize obesity pharmacotherapy and surgery. However, the recent 2022 American Diabetes Association\/European Association for the Study of Diabetes consensus on the management of Type 2 diabetes has moved up weight management to the front of the treatment algorithm, by prioritizing the use of pharmacologic interventions such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide\/glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, which have potent weight-lowering effects, in addition to glucose-lowering effects. This review appraises the current evidence regarding the CV effects of weight-loss interventions. Considering this evidence, practical guidance is provided to assist cardiologists in developing and implementing treatment plans, which may allow optimal weight management while maximizing CV benefits and minimizing side effects to improve the overall well-being of people with CV disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T08:53:17Z","timestamp":1695977597000},"page":"5036-5048","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The cardiovascular effects of novel weight loss therapies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Shariq","family":"Usman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Parkland Health and Hospital System , Dallas, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital , Gwendolen Rd , Leicester, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester , Leicester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subodh","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiac Surgery, St.Michael\u2019s Hospital, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan D","family":"Anker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology (CVK) and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University , Wroc\u0142aw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8324-3275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"Rosenstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Velocity Clinical Research at Medical City , Dallas, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4267-6933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javed","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA"},{"name":"Baylor Scott and White Research Institute , Dallas, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023122108052282100_ehad664-B1","author":"Eurostat"},{"key":"2023122108052282100_ehad664-B2","author":"National Center for Health Statistics"},{"key":"2023122108052282100_ehad664-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-88","article-title":"The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Guh","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2023122108052282100_ehad664-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e183788","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.3788","article-title":"Association between obesity and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies","volume":"1","author":"Riaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2023122108052282100_ehad664-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-014-0099-x","article-title":"The look AHEAD trial: a review and discussion of its outcomes","volume":"3","author":"Pi-Sunyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Nutr Rep"},{"key":"2023122108052282100_ehad664-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00883","article-title":"Cardiovascular risks and benefits of medications used for weight loss","volume":"10","author":"Bramante","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2023122108052282100_ehad664-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00337-8","article-title":"Anti-obesity drug discovery: advances and challenges","volume":"21","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"2023122108052282100_ehad664-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.284","article-title":"Metabolic sequelae of \u03b2-blocker therapy: weighing in on the obesity epidemic?","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2023122108052282100_ehad664-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53568.x","article-title":"Weight loss, muscle strength, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in older adults with congestive heart failure or hypertension","volume":"53","author":"Schellenbaum","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2023122108052282100_ehad664-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2017.1395694","article-title":"Weight effects of antidiabetic agents","volume":"12","author":"Higbea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Rev Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2023122108052282100_ehad664-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw106","article-title":"2016 European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: the sixth joint task force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts). 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