{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T07:59:14Z","timestamp":1793865554522,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder die on average 15\u201320 years earlier than the general population often due to sudden death that, in most cases, is caused by cardiovascular disease. This state-of-the-art review aims to address the complex association between SMI and cardiovascular risk, explore disparities in cardiovascular care pathways, describe how to adequately predict cardiovascular outcomes, and propose targeted interventions to improve cardiovascular health in patients with SMI. These patients have an adverse cardiovascular risk factor profile due to an interplay between biological factors such as chronic inflammation, patient factors such as excessive smoking, and healthcare system factors such as stigma and discrimination. Several disparities in cardiovascular care pathways have been demonstrated in patients with SMI, resulting in a 47% lower likelihood of undergoing invasive coronary procedures and substantially lower rates of prescribed standard secondary prevention medications compared with the general population. Although early cardiovascular risk prediction is important, conventional risk prediction models do not accurately predict long-term cardiovascular outcomes as cardiovascular disease and mortality are only partly driven by traditional risk factors in this patient group. As such, SMI-specific risk prediction models and clinical tools such as the electrocardiogram and echocardiogram are necessary when assessing and managing cardiovascular risk associated with SMI. In conclusion, there is a necessity for differentiated cardiovascular care in patients with SMI. By addressing factors involved in the excess cardiovascular risk, reconsidering risk stratification approaches, and implementing multidisciplinary care models, clinicians can take steps towards improving cardiovascular health and long-term outcomes in patients with SMI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T07:36:31Z","timestamp":1705908991000},"page":"987-997","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Severe mental illness: cardiovascular risk assessment and management"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9372-7484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoffer","family":"Polcwiartek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital , Hobrovej 18-22, DK-9000 Aalborg , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2218-4763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"O\u2019Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London , London , UK"},{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King\u2019s College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5791-1954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7254-5646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph U","family":"Correll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health , Glen Oaks, NY , USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell , Hempstead, NY , USA"},{"name":"Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health , New Hyde Park, NY , USA"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany"},{"name":"DZPG, German Center for Mental Health, Partner Site Berlin , Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4877-7233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Solmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , 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