{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:29:24Z","timestamp":1793658564658,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One in six ischaemic stroke patients has an embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), defined as a stroke with unclear aetiology despite recommended diagnostic evaluation. The overall cardiovascular risk of ESUS is high and it is important to optimize strategies to prevent recurrent stroke and other cardiovascular events. The aim of clinicians when confronted with a patient not only with ESUS but also with any other medical condition of unclear aetiology is to identify the actual cause amongst a list of potential differential diagnoses, in order to optimize secondary prevention. However, specifically in ESUS, this may be challenging as multiple potential thromboembolic sources frequently coexist. Also, it can be delusively reassuring because despite the implementation of specific treatments for the individual pathology presumed to be the actual thromboembolic source, patients can still be vulnerable to stroke and other cardiovascular events caused by other pathologies already identified during the index diagnostic evaluation but whose thromboembolic potential was underestimated. Therefore, rather than trying to presume which particular mechanism is the actual embolic source in an ESUS patient, it is important to assess the overall thromboembolic risk of the patient through synthesis of the individual risks linked to all pathologies present, regardless if presumed causally associated or not. In this paper, a multi-disciplinary panel of clinicians\/researchers from various backgrounds of expertise and specialties (cardiology, internal medicine, neurology, radiology and vascular surgery) proposes a comprehensive multi-dimensional assessment of the overall thromboembolic risk in ESUS patients through the composition of individual risks associated with all prevalent pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T10:32:03Z","timestamp":1709202723000},"page":"1701-1715","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Embolic strokes of undetermined source: a clinical consensus statement of the ESC Council on Stroke, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the European Heart Rhythm Association of the ESC"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0629-9248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Ntaios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly , Larissa University Hospital, Larissa 41132 ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9542-8821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helmut","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology III: Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, University Hospital Muenster , Muenster ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7598-708X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfram","family":"Doehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology (Campus Virchow), Center of Stroke Research Berlin, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 , Charit\u00e9, Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2677-3389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erwan","family":"Donal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Cardiologie et CIC-IT 1414, CHU Rennes , Rennes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3800-765X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thor","family":"Edvardsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1216-7580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeff S","family":"Healey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, McMaster University , Hamilton ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9127-348X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Iung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bichat Hospital, APHP and Universit\u00e9 Paris-Cit\u00e9, INSERM LVTS U1148 , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5745-0307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hooman","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0418-6917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott E","family":"Kasner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0403-8316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Korompoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8424-6128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Babak B","family":"Navi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2246-0652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Pristipino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional and Intensive Cardiology Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1 , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2870-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Saba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari\u2014Polo di Monserrato , Cagliari ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7170-9509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renate B","family":"Schnabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg\/Kiel\/Luebeck ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6413-0870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Svennberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory Y H","family":"Lip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital , Liverpool ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University , Aalborg ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70310-7","article-title":"Embolic strokes of undetermined source: the case for a new clinical construct","volume":"13","author":"Hart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.016414","article-title":"Embolic stroke of undetermined source: a systematic review and clinical update","volume":"48","author":"Hart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.007240","article-title":"Embolic strokes of undetermined source in the Athens stroke registry: a descriptive analysis","volume":"46","author":"Ntaios","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.024","article-title":"Embolic stroke of undetermined source: JACC review topic of the week","volume":"75","author":"Ntaios","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00663-4","article-title":"Review and update of the concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source","volume":"18","author":"Diener","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030509","article-title":"Embolic stroke","volume":"136","author":"Ntaios","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.028669","article-title":"Potential embolic sources and outcomes in embolic stroke of undetermined source in the NAVIGATE-ESUS trial","volume":"51","author":"Ntaios","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012858","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012858","article-title":"Prevalence and overlap of potential embolic sources in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source","volume":"8","author":"Ntaios","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15785-1","article-title":"Endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis in relation to clinical subgroups and timing of surgery","volume":"363","author":"Rothwell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30035-3","article-title":"Imaging biomarkers of vulnerable carotid plaques for stroke risk prediction and their potential clinical implications","volume":"18","author":"Saba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa218","article-title":"Supracardiac atherosclerosis in embolic stroke of undetermined source: the underestimated source","volume":"42","author":"Ntaios","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.027272","article-title":"Carotid plaque with high-risk features in embolic stroke of undetermined source: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Kamtchum-Tatuene","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.025168","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban versus aspirin in embolic stroke of undetermined source and carotid atherosclerosis","volume":"50","author":"Ntaios","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2644","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007611","article-title":"Carotid plaques and detection of atrial fibrillation in embolic stroke of undetermined source","volume":"92","author":"Ntaios","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.09.532","article-title":"Complicated carotid artery plaques as a cause of cryptogenic stroke","volume":"76","author":"Kopczak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.03.028","article-title":"Prediction of stroke risk by detection of hemorrhage in carotid plaques: meta-analysis of individual patient data","volume":"13","author":"Schindler","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1982.01380350069010","article-title":"Carotid plaque hemorrhage. Its role in production of cerebral ischemia","volume":"117","author":"Lusby","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.504167","article-title":"Presence of intraplaque hemorrhage stimulates progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaques: a high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"111","author":"Takaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23918","article-title":"MRI of carotid atherosclerosis to identify TIA and stroke patients who are at risk of a recurrence","volume":"37","author":"Kwee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0202.102121","article-title":"Identification of fibrous cap rupture with magnetic resonance imaging is highly associated with recent transient ischemic attack or stroke","volume":"105","author":"Yuan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2010.07.015","article-title":"Association between biomechanical structural stresses of atherosclerotic carotid plaques and subsequent ischaemic cerebrovascular events\u2013a longitudinal in vivo magnetic resonance imaging-based finite element study","volume":"40","author":"Sadat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.09.057","article-title":"Free-floating thrombus of the carotid artery: literature review and case reports","volume":"45","author":"Bhatti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006286","article-title":"Intraluminal thrombus, intraplaque hemorrhage, plaque thickness, and current smoking optimally predict carotid stroke","volume":"46","author":"McNally","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2078","article-title":"Role of CT angiographic plaque morphologic characteristics in addition to stenosis in predicting the symptomatic side in carotid artery disease","volume":"31","author":"Eesa","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-013-0711-2","article-title":"Imaging of the carotid artery vulnerable plaque","volume":"37","author":"Saba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000244780.82190.a4","article-title":"Carotid plaque surface irregularity predicts ischemic stroke: the northern Manhattan study","volume":"37","author":"Prabhakaran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.7.1231","article-title":"Plaque ulceration and lumen thrombus are the main sources of cerebral microemboli in high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis","volume":"26","author":"Sitzer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.9.1751","article-title":"The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial: surgical results in 1415 patients","volume":"30","author":"Ferguson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.2.304","article-title":"Significance of plaque ulceration in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial","volume":"25","author":"Eliasziw","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.597369","article-title":"Association between carotid artery plaque ulceration and plaque composition evaluated with multidetector CT angiography","volume":"42","author":"Homburg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.09.022","article-title":"Prediction of high-risk plaque development and plaque progression with the carotid atherosclerosis score","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1159\/000343227","article-title":"Plaque characteristics of asymptomatic carotid stenosis and risk of stroke","volume":"34","author":"Mono","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.002551","article-title":"Carotid plaque MRI and stroke risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002978","article-title":"Nonstenotic carotid plaque on CT angiography in patients with cryptogenic stroke","volume":"87","author":"Coutinho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005831","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.005831","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of carotid artery high-risk atherosclerotic plaques in Chinese patients with cerebrovascular symptoms: a Chinese atherosclerosis risk evaluation II study","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4968","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5535-7","article-title":"Superficial and multiple calcifications and ulceration associate with intraplaque hemorrhage in the carotid atherosclerotic plaque","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7443","article-title":"Reassessing the carotid artery plaque \u201crim sign\u201d on CTA: a new analysis with histopathologic confirmation","volume":"43","author":"Benson","year":"2022","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4765","article-title":"Prediction of carotid intraplaque hemorrhage using adventitial calcification and plaque thickness on CTA","volume":"37","author":"Eisenmenger","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7401","article-title":"Impact analysis of different CT configurations of carotid artery plaque calcifications on cerebrovascular events","volume":"43","author":"Saba","year":"2022","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2467-5","article-title":"Association between carotid plaque enhancement shown by multidetector CT angiography and histologically validated microvessel density","volume":"22","author":"Saba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1159\/000511360","article-title":"Carotid intraplaque neovascularization predicts ischemic stroke recurrence in patients with carotid atherosclerosis","volume":"67","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2863","article-title":"Carotid plaque neovascularization and hemorrhage detected by MR imaging are associated with recent cerebrovascular ischemic events","volume":"33","author":"Qiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.529008","article-title":"Arterial wall enhancement overlying carotid plaque on CT angiography correlates with symptoms in patients with high grade stenosis","volume":"40","author":"Romero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-2020-cass-15","article-title":"Inflammation of carotid plaques and risk of cerebrovascular events","volume":"8","author":"Poredos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2023.09.005","article-title":"Carotid plaque-RADS: a novel stroke risk classification system","volume":"17","author":"Saba","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.0591","article-title":"Tailoring the approach to embolic stroke of undetermined source: a review","volume":"76","author":"Kamel","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.020030","article-title":"Closure of patent foramen ovale versus medical therapy in patients with cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Ntaios","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.20956","article-title":"Heterogeneity of treatment effects in an analysis of pooled individual patient data from randomized trials of device closure of patent foramen ovale after stroke","volume":"326","author":"Kent","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-18-00622","article-title":"European position paper on the management of patients with patent foramen ovale. General approach and left circulation thromboembolism","volume":"14","author":"Pristipino","year":"2019","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.0458","article-title":"Proposal for updated nomenclature and classification of potential causative mechanism in patent foramen ovale-associated stroke","volume":"77","author":"Elgendy","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.02.068","article-title":"Atrial septal aneurysm, shunt size, and recurrent stroke risk in patients with patent foramen ovale","volume":"75","author":"Turc","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00828-4","article-title":"Thromboembolic risks of left atrial thrombus detected by transesophageal echocardiogram","volume":"79","author":"Leung","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.04.036","article-title":"Prevalence of left atrial thrombus in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"77","author":"Lurie","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15082","article-title":"Atrial thrombus detection on transoesophageal echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardioversion or catheter ablation: a pooled analysis of rates and predictors","volume":"32","author":"Noubiap","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2000.109213","article-title":"Incidence of left atrial thrombi in patients in sinus rhythm and with a recent neurologic deficit","volume":"140","author":"Omran","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e286","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.022674","article-title":"Left atrial appendage thrombus and embolic stroke","volume":"49","author":"Mac Grory","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90644-0","article-title":"Relations between left atrial appendage blood flow velocity, spontaneous echocardiographic contrast and thromboembolic risk in vivo","volume":"23","author":"Fatkin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.S1.258","article-title":"Report of the New England Regional Infant Cardiac Program, by Donald C. Fyler, MD, pediatrics, 1980; 65(suppl):375\u2013461","volume":"102","author":"Talner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-12-200706190-00007","article-title":"Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"146","author":"Hart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70027-X","article-title":"Diagnosis of atrial fibrillation after stroke and transient ischaemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Sposato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040267","article-title":"Searching for atrial fibrillation poststroke: a white paper of the AF-SCREEN international collaboration","volume":"140","author":"Schnabel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2310234","article-title":"Apixaban for stroke prevention in subclinical atrial fibrillation","volume":"390","author":"Healey","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2303062","article-title":"Anticoagulation with edoxaban in patients with atrial high-rate episodes","volume":"389","author":"Kirchhof","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx042","article-title":"Duration of device-detected subclinical atrial fibrillation and occurrence of stroke in ASSERT","volume":"38","author":"Van Gelder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.3702","article-title":"Temporal association between episodes of atrial fibrillation and risk of ischemic stroke","volume":"6","author":"Singer","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2016.09.028","article-title":"Management and outcomes of bleeding events in patients in the emergency department taking warfarin or a non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant","volume":"52","author":"Singer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B67","article-title":"Direct oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in patients with device-detected atrial fibrillation: a study-level meta-analysis of the NOAH-AFNET 6 and ARTESiA trials","author":"McIntyre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad771","article-title":"Anticoagulation with edoxaban in patients with long atrial high-rate episodes \u226524 h","volume":"45","author":"Becher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2020.01.002","article-title":"Left atrial diameter thresholds and new incident atrial fibrillation in embolic stroke of undetermined source","volume":"75","author":"Perlepe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.10.2019","article-title":"Left atrial size and the risk of ischemic stroke in an ethnically mixed population","volume":"30","author":"Di Tullio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.008711","article-title":"Left atrial enlargement and stroke recurrence: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study","volume":"46","author":"Yaghi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24482","article-title":"Electrocardiographic left atrial abnormality and stroke subtype in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study","volume":"78","author":"Kamel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.012004","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and mechanisms of stroke: time for a new model","volume":"47","author":"Kamel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.0617","article-title":"Recurrent stroke with rivaroxaban compared with aspirin according to predictors of atrial fibrillation: secondary analysis of the NAVIGATE ESUS randomized clinical trial","volume":"76","author":"Healey","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.27188","article-title":"Apixaban to prevent recurrence after cryptogenic stroke in patients with atrial cardiopathy: the ARCADIA randomized clinical trial","volume":"331","author":"Kamel","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad338","article-title":"Stroke in patients with heart failure and reduced or preserved ejection fraction","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab008","article-title":"EACVI recommendations on cardiovascular imaging for the detection of embolic sources: endorsed by the Canadian Society of Echocardiography","volume":"22","author":"Cohen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1202299","article-title":"Warfarin and aspirin in patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm","volume":"366","author":"Homma","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930221109149","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of vitamin-K antagonists and direct oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.04.005","article-title":"Reply: cardiac amyloidosis, atrial arrhythmias, thrombus, and stroke: a vexing problem","volume":"73","author":"El-Am","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq225","article-title":"Isolated left ventricular non-compaction in adults: clinical and echocardiographic features in 105 patients. Results from a French registry","volume":"13","author":"Habib","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e205","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001092","article-title":"Management of patients at risk for and with left ventricular thrombus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"146","author":"Levine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.09.019","article-title":"2019 HRS expert consensus statement on evaluation, risk stratification, and management of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: executive summary","volume":"16","author":"Towbin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacasi.2022.08.008","article-title":"Prediction of acute myocardial infarction in Asian patients with acute ischemic stroke: the CTRAN score","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Asia"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-023-02158-8","article-title":"Contemporary incidence and predictors of left ventricular thrombus in patients with anterior acute myocardial infarction","volume":"112","author":"Boivin-Proulx","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.493155","article-title":"Risk of embolism and death in infective endocarditis: prognostic value of echocardiography: a prospective multicenter study","volume":"112","author":"Thuny","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2021.01.004","article-title":"Infective endocarditis with neurological complications: delaying cardiac surgery is associated with worse outcome","volume":"114","author":"Arregle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"heartjnl-2022-320970","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2022-320970","article-title":"Contemporary demographics, diagnostics and outcomes in non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis","volume":"108","author":"Quintero-Martinez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu305","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes with rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation but underlying native mitral and aortic valve disease participating in the ROCKET AF trial","volume":"35","author":"Breithardt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B90","first-page":"101126","article-title":"Risk of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with degenerative mitral stenosis with or without atrial fibrillation: a cohort study","volume":"43","author":"Steiner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.15236","article-title":"Prevalence of mitral annular calcification and its association with mitral valvular disease","volume":"38","author":"Okura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951943","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.951943","article-title":"Predictors and neurological consequences of periprocedural cerebrovascular events following transcatheter aortic valve implantation with self-expanding valves","volume":"9","author":"Suhai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.09.057","article-title":"Associations of mitral and aortic valve calcifications with complex aortic atheroma in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source","volume":"27","author":"Ishizuka","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeu110","article-title":"Clinical significance and prevalence of valvular strands during routine echo examinations","volume":"15","author":"Leitman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/2396987319901201","article-title":"Relationship between Lambl's excrescences and embolic strokes of undetermined source","volume":"5","author":"Salehi Omran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25227","article-title":"Ischemic stroke in cancer patients: a review of an underappreciated pathology","volume":"83","author":"Navi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000539","article-title":"Recurrent thromboembolic events after ischemic stroke in patients with cancer","volume":"83","author":"Navi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-06-860874","article-title":"Arterial thromboembolic events preceding the diagnosis of cancer in older persons","volume":"133","author":"Navi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1159\/000484668","article-title":"When to screen ischaemic stroke patients for cancer","volume":"45","author":"Selvik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13234","article-title":"Plasma D-dimer levels and ischaemic lesions in multiple vascular regions can predict occult cancer in patients with cryptogenic stroke","volume":"24","author":"Gon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.02.006","article-title":"Predictors of occult cancer in acute ischemic stroke patients","volume":"24","author":"Cocho","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106609","article-title":"Development of a score for prediction of occult malignancy in stroke patients (occult-5 score)","volume":"31","author":"Beyeler","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24325","article-title":"Association between incident cancer and subsequent stroke","volume":"77","author":"Navi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106818","article-title":"Trends in age and sex-specific prevalence of cancer and cancer subtypes in acute ischemic stroke from 2007\u20132019","volume":"31","author":"Otite","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.032002","article-title":"Cancer and embolic stroke of undetermined source","volume":"52","author":"Navi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26129","article-title":"Mechanisms of ischemic stroke in patients with cancer: a prospective study","volume":"90","author":"Navi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198501000-00002","article-title":"Cerebrovascular complications in patients with cancer","volume":"64","author":"Graus","year":"1985","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-315204","article-title":"Non-infective endocarditis","volume":"106","author":"Hurrell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-015-1768-3","article-title":"Diagnostic yield of echocardiography in cancer patients with ischemic stroke","volume":"123","author":"Merkler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25495","article-title":"Histological features of intracranial thrombi in stroke patients with cancer","volume":"86","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1616068","article-title":"Towards definition, clinical and laboratory criteria, and a scoring system for disseminated intravascular coagulation","volume":"86","author":"Taylor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.026373","article-title":"Circulating DNAs, a marker of neutrophil extracellular traposis and cancer-related stroke: the OASIS-cancer study","volume":"50","author":"Bang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.291","article-title":"Characteristics of cryptogenic stroke in cancer patients","volume":"3","author":"Gon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.658625","article-title":"Stroke and cancer: the importance of cancer-associated hypercoagulation as a possible stroke etiology","volume":"43","author":"Schwarzbach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13184","article-title":"D-dimer as a predictor of early neurologic deterioration in cryptogenic stroke with active cancer","volume":"24","author":"Nam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4846","article-title":"Three-territory DWI acute infarcts: diagnostic value in cancer-associated hypercoagulation stroke (Trousseau syndrome)","volume":"37","author":"Finelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15779","article-title":"Ischemic stroke with cancer: hematologic and embolic biomarkers and clinical outcomes","volume":"20","author":"Navi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22050","article-title":"Coagulopathy and embolic signal in cancer patients with ischemic stroke","volume":"68","author":"Seok","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493020971104","article-title":"Frequency and predictors of occult cancer in ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Rioux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-04231-5","article-title":"Utility of a scoring system for differentiating cancer-associated stroke from cryptogenic stroke in patients with cancer","volume":"41","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-021-02862-1","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and tumor markers in ischemic stroke patients with active cancer","volume":"17","author":"Nezu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105299","article-title":"Pathophysiology, mechanism, and outcome of ischemic stroke in cancer patients","volume":"29","author":"Abdelsalam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.172","article-title":"Multifocal stroke from tumor emboli","volume":"66","author":"Navi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1708484","article-title":"The effect of chemotherapy on stroke risk in cancer patients","volume":"120","author":"Kitano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.05.031","article-title":"Recurrent thromboembolic events after ischemic stroke in patients with primary brain tumors","volume":"26","author":"Parikh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.0058","article-title":"Diagnostic challenges and uncertainties of embolic strokes of undetermined source in young adults","volume":"79","author":"Ntaios","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493020925281","article-title":"Identification of patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source and low risk of new incident atrial fibrillation: the AF-ESUS score","volume":"16","author":"Ntaios","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.04.003","article-title":"Validation of the AF-ESUS score to identify patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source and low risk of device-detected atrial fibrillation","volume":"89","author":"Kitsiou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005362","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.005362","article-title":"Endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke","volume":"11","author":"Papanagiotou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1802686","article-title":"Rivaroxaban for stroke prevention after embolic stroke of undetermined source","volume":"378","author":"Hart","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1813959","article-title":"Dabigatran for prevention of stroke after embolic stroke of undetermined source","volume":"380","author":"Diener","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080909464570500_ehae150-B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ehab724.2070","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab724.2070","article-title":"Apixaban for treatment of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ATTICUS) randomized trial\u2014update of patient characteristics and study timeline after interim analysis","volume":"42","author":"Poli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article-pdf\/45\/19\/1701\/60913472\/ehae150.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article-pdf\/45\/19\/1701\/60913472\/ehae150.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T13:47:07Z","timestamp":1786283227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article\/45\/19\/1701\/7659856"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"references-count":132,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae150","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-668X","1522-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-668X","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-9645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]}}}