{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:36:58Z","timestamp":1788363418109,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"44","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) form a high-risk subgroup for infective endocarditis (IE), necessitating tailored prevention and treatment strategies. However, comprehensive nationwide data comparing IE characteristics and outcomes in patients with and without CHD, including children, are sparse. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using Danish nationwide registries, all patients with IE from 1977 to 2021 were identified and stratified on whether they had a diagnosis of CHD, regardless of its complexity. Characteristics prior to and during admission as well as associated outcomes (i.e. in-hospital mortality, 1-year mortality, and 10-year mortality, and IE recurrence) were compared between groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 14 040 patients with IE were identified, including 895 (6.4%) with CHD. Patients with vs. without CHD were younger at the time of IE diagnosis (median age 38.8 vs. 70.7 years), less comorbid, and more frequently underwent cardiac surgery during admission (35.7% vs. 23.0%, P &amp;lt; .001). Notably, 76% of patients with IE &amp;lt; 18 years of age had CHD. The IE-related bacteraemia differed between groups: Streptococci (29.9%) were the most common in patients with CHD, and Staphylococcus aureus (29.9%) in patients without CHD. Patients with CHD had a significantly lower cumulative incidence of in-hospital mortality (5.7% vs. 17.0%, P &amp;lt; .001) and 1-year mortality (9.9% vs. 31.8%, P &amp;lt; .001) compared with those without CHD. The 10-year cumulative incidence of IE recurrence was similar between groups (13.0% and 13.9%, P = .61).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with CHD who develop IE exhibit distinct characteristics and improved long-term outcomes compared with patients without CHD. Notably, the majority of children and adolescents with IE have underlying CHD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T12:01:43Z","timestamp":1725192103000},"page":"4704-4715","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Infective endocarditis with or without congenital heart disease: clinical features and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0684-4189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Havers-Borgersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital , Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3298-1467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauge","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital , Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine Kj\u00e6rsgaard","family":"Holgersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital , Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Stahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital , Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Rahbek","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital , Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8482-030X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten","family":"Smerup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"K\u00f8ber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital , Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil L","family":"Fosb\u00f8l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital , Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcac011","article-title":"Temporal trends of mortality in patients with infective endocarditis: a nationwide study","volume":"9","author":"Jensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Hear J Qual Care Clin Outcomes"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e025801","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.025801","article-title":"Temporal changes, patient characteristics, and mortality, according to microbiological cause of infective endocarditis: a nationwide study","volume":"11","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.09.009","article-title":"Return to the workforce following infective endocarditis\u2014a nationwide cohort study","volume":"195","author":"Butt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2019.01.002","article-title":"Nursing home admission and initiation of domiciliary care following infective endocarditis","volume":"14","author":"Havers-Borgersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2016.08.09","article-title":"Epidemiological and mortality trends in infective endocarditis, a 17-year population-based prospective study","volume":"7","author":"Cresti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diagn Ther"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3948","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad193","article-title":"2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of endocarditis","volume":"44","author":"Delgado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02109-5","article-title":"Sex differences in infective endocarditis: a Danish nationwide study","volume":"52","author":"Stahl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2014.01.006","article-title":"Reoperations for pediatric and congenital heart d`ase: an analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) congenital heart surgery database","volume":"17","author":"Jacobs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.01.012","article-title":"Long-term incidence of infective endocarditis among patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"259","author":"Havers-Borgersen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab478","article-title":"Cumulative incidence of infective endocarditis in patients with congenital heart disease: a nationwide, case-control study over nine decades","volume":"73","author":"Snygg-Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx682","article-title":"Incidence of infective endocarditis among patients considered at high risk","volume":"39","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2022.10.136","article-title":"Infective endocarditis in adult patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"370","author":"van Melle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-311650","article-title":"Infective endocarditis in adults with congenital heart disease remains a lethal disease","volume":"104","author":"Tutarel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.035","article-title":"Incidence, predictors and outcomes of infective endocarditis in a contemporary adult congenital heart disease population","volume":"249","author":"Moore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.01.012","article-title":"Infective endocarditis in adults with congenital heart disease: contemporary management and related outcomes in Central and South-Eastern European region","volume":"377","author":"Brida","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2019.05.014","article-title":"Contemporary epidemiology of infective endocarditis in patients with congenital heart disease: a UK prospective study","volume":"215","author":"Cahill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20667","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.1.20667","article-title":"The Danish microbiology database (MiBa) 2010 to 2013","volume":"19","author":"Voldstedlund","year":"2014","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811401482","article-title":"The Danish National Patient Register","volume":"39","author":"Lynge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Heal"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810394717","article-title":"The Danish National Prescription Registry","volume":"39","author":"Wallach Kildemoes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810387965","article-title":"The Danish Civil Registration System","volume":"39","author":"Pedersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Heal"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811405098","article-title":"Danish registers on personal income and transfer payments","volume":"39","author":"Baadsgaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Heal"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810394715","article-title":"Danish education registers","volume":"39","author":"Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Heal"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e012832","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818001401","article-title":"Positive predictive value of infective endocarditis in the Danish National Patient Registry: a validation study","volume":"6","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2023.100254","article-title":"Prescription practices of antibiotic prophylaxis among patients at high risk of infective endocarditis","volume":"26","author":"Havers-Borgersen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am Hear J Plus Cardiol Res Pract"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e022445","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.022445","article-title":"Incidence of infective endocarditis among patients with tetralogy of fallot","volume":"10","author":"Havers-Borgersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B26","first-page":"77","article-title":"Validity of diagnoses of cardiac malformations in a Danish population-based hospital-discharge registry","volume":"18","author":"Jepsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Risk Saf Med"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d124","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d124","article-title":"Validation of risk stratification schemes for predicting stroke nationwide cohort study","volume":"342","author":"Olesen","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.10.029","article-title":"Temporal changes in the incidence of infective endocarditis in Denmark 1997\u20132017: a nationwide study","volume":"326","author":"Jensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.04.002","article-title":"2020 ACC\/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"162","author":"Otto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae030","article-title":"Impact of congenital heart disease on personality disorders in adulthood","author":"Stapel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-022-02940-x","article-title":"Children with congenital heart disease show increased behavioral problems compared to healthy peers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Finkel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa010","article-title":"European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) international consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections-endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID), and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"41","author":"Blomstr\u00f6m-Lundqvist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2024112100190835400_ehae548-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e012832","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012832","article-title":"Positive predictive value of cardiovascular diagnoses in the Danish National Patient Registry: a validation study","volume":"6","author":"Sundb\u00f8ll","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article-pdf\/45\/44\/4704\/60751130\/ehae548.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article-pdf\/45\/44\/4704\/60751130\/ehae548.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:19:17Z","timestamp":1732148357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article\/45\/44\/4704\/7742977"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"44","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae548","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-668X","1522-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-668X","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-9645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}}}