{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T10:07:32Z","timestamp":1787998052246,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Valve disease and heart failure are intricately linked in a bidirectional relationship. Heart failure is both a frequent cause and a common consequence of valvular heart disease. This review will provide an overview of the evidence for medical therapy to prevent valve disease progression and to prevent or treat established heart failure in patients with primary and secondary valve disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf1079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T13:05:10Z","timestamp":1765976710000},"page":"1282-1293","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Valvular heart failure: evolving pharmacological approaches"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5446-9969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kieran F","family":"Docherty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow , Glasgow, Scotland G12 8TA ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0527-9392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine M","family":"Otto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6317-3975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John J V","family":"McMurray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow , Glasgow, Scotland G12 8TA ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2918","article-title":"Acute heart failure and valvular heart disease: a scientific statement of the Heart Failure Association, the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"25","author":"Chioncel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4635","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf194","article-title":"2025 ESC\/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease","volume":"46","author":"Praz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e72","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000923","article-title":"2020 ACC\/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"143","author":"Otto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.09.1367","article-title":"Evaluating medical therapy for calcific aortic stenosis: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"78","author":"Lindman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00563-3","article-title":"Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular health study","volume":"29","author":"Stewart","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2019.09.010","article-title":"Pathophysiology of aortic stenosis and future perspectives for medical therapy","volume":"38","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.070982","article-title":"Rare genetic variants in LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 are associated with aortic stenosis","volume":"150","author":"R\u00e4m\u00f6","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043876","article-title":"A randomized trial of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in calcific aortic stenosis","volume":"352","author":"Cowell","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804602","article-title":"Intensive lipid lowering with simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis","volume":"359","author":"Rosseb\u00f8","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.04.060","article-title":"Prognosis and risk factors in patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis and their modulation by atorvastatin (20\u2005mg)","volume":"102","author":"Dichtl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.900027","article-title":"Effect of lipid lowering with rosuvastatin on progression of aortic stenosis: results of the aortic stenosis progression observation: measuring effects of rosuvastatin (ASTRONOMER) trial","volume":"121","author":"Chan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.03.032","article-title":"Effects of rosuvastatin on progression of stenosis in adult patients with congenital aortic stenosis (PROCAS Trial)","volume":"108","author":"van der Linde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvae092","article-title":"Lipid-lowering therapies for aortic stenosis: a drug-target Mendelian randomization study","volume":"11","author":"Ciofani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109034","article-title":"Genetic associations with valvular calcification and aortic stenosis","volume":"368","author":"Thanassoulis","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.0728","article-title":"An exploratory analysis of proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 inhibition and aortic stenosis in the FOURIER trial","volume":"5","author":"Bergmark","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2024.1882","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) and calcific aortic valve stenosis progression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Arsenault","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac361","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement","volume":"43","author":"Kronenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.05.066","article-title":"Calcification in aortic stenosis: the skeleton key","volume":"66","author":"Pawade","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.053708","article-title":"Effect of denosumab or alendronic acid on the progression of aortic stenosis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"143","author":"Pawade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057008","article-title":"Vitamin K2 and D in patients with aortic valve calcification: a randomized double-blinded clinical trial","volume":"145","author":"Diederichsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev043","article-title":"A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor Ramipril In Aortic Stenosis (RIAS trial)","volume":"16","author":"Bull","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2003.10.017","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in symptomatic severe aortic stenosis: symptomatic cardiac obstruction-pilot study of enalapril in aortic stenosis (SCOPE-AS)","volume":"147","author":"Chockalingam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.11.002","article-title":"Short-term hemodynamic effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with severe aortic stenosis: a placebo-controlled, randomized study","volume":"167","author":"Dalsgaard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000182","article-title":"Is blockade of the Renin-angiotensin system able to reverse the structural and functional remodeling of the left ventricle in severe aortic stenosis?","volume":"65","author":"Helske-Suihko","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.03.012","article-title":"A randomized trial of the aldosterone-receptor antagonist eplerenone in asymptomatic moderate-severe aortic stenosis","volume":"156","author":"Stewart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024270","article-title":"Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 induces aortic valve calcification by inhibiting insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling in valvular interstitial cells","volume":"135","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-012-0306-0","article-title":"Pioglitazone attenuates progression of aortic valve calcification via down-regulating receptor for advanced glycation end products","volume":"107","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.066523","article-title":"Reactivation of oxidized soluble guanylate cyclase as a novel treatment strategy to slow progression of calcific aortic valve stenosis: preclinical and randomized clinical trials to assess safety and efficacy","volume":"151","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.081125","article-title":"Effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics and ventricular function in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis","volume":"125","author":"Lindman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.12.049","article-title":"Hospital resource utilization before and after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: the STS\/ACC TVT registry","volume":"73","author":"Vemulapalli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e024890","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.024890","article-title":"Trends, predictors, and outcomes of 30-day readmission with heart failure after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: insights from the US nationwide readmission database","volume":"11","author":"Zahid","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e012195","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.122.012195","article-title":"Rehospitalization events after aortic valve replacement: insights from the PARTNER trial","volume":"15","author":"Huded","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.009","article-title":"Hemodynamic outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement and medical management in severe, inoperable aortic stenosis: a longitudinal echocardiographic study of cohort B of the PARTNER trial","volume":"28","author":"Douglas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2014.02.011","article-title":"Early regression of severe left ventricular hypertrophy after transcatheter aortic valve replacement is associated with decreased hospitalizations","volume":"7","author":"Lindman","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.1132","article-title":"Association of abnormal postoperative left ventricular global longitudinal strain with outcomes in severe aortic stenosis following aortic valve replacement","volume":"1","author":"Kafa","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2024.06.022","article-title":"Management of fluid overload in patients with severe aortic stenosis (EASE-TAVR): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Halavina","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad195","article-title":"2023 focused update of the 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: developed by the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"44","author":"Authors\/Task Force Members:","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezae355","article-title":"2024 EACTS guidelines on perioperative medication in adult cardiac surgery","volume":"67","author":"Jeppsson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e035460","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.035460","article-title":"Ramipril after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients without reduced ejection fraction: the RASTAVI randomized clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Amat-Santos","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.04.028","article-title":"Effect of candesartan treatment on left ventricular remodeling after aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis","volume":"106","author":"Dahl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2500366","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic-valve implantation","volume":"392","author":"Raposeiras-Roubin","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.44.3.368","article-title":"Natural history of rheumatic aortic regurgitation. Criteria predictive of death, congestive heart failure, and angina in young patients","volume":"44","author":"Spagnuolo","year":"1971","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.05.054","article-title":"Prognostic impact of systolic hypertension on asymptomatic patients with chronic severe aortic regurgitation and initially normal left ventricular performance at rest","volume":"96","author":"Supino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(78)90169-8","article-title":"Nitroglycerin-induced improvement in exercise tolerance and hemodynamics in patients with chronic rheumatic heart valve disease","volume":"41","author":"Borer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90868-0","article-title":"Vasodilator therapy in chronic asymptomatic aortic regurgitation: enalapril versus hydralazine therapy","volume":"24","author":"Lin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(82)90252-1","article-title":"Afterload reduction with nifedipine in aortic insufficiency","volume":"49","author":"Fioretti","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(00)90046-2","article-title":"Vasodilatation with felodipine in chronic asymptomatic aortic regurgitation","volume":"139","author":"S\u00f8ndergaard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B49","first-page":"500","article-title":"Effects of 12 months quinapril therapy in asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation","volume":"3","author":"Sch\u00f6n","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.78.1.92","article-title":"Long-term vasodilator therapy of chronic aortic insufficiency. A randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"78","author":"Greenberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199409153311101","article-title":"Nifedipine in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function","volume":"331","author":"Scognamiglio","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050666","article-title":"Long-term vasodilator therapy in patients with severe aortic regurgitation","volume":"353","author":"Evangelista","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00012-0","article-title":"Left ventricular remodeling with carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischemic heart disease. Australia-New Zealand heart failure research collaborative group","volume":"29","author":"Doughty","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.666016","article-title":"Metoprolol reverses left ventricular remodeling in patients with asymptomatic systolic dysfunction: the REversal of VEntricular Remodeling with Toprol-XL (REVERT) trial","volume":"116","author":"Colucci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-308416","article-title":"Controlled release metoprolol for aortic regurgitation: a randomised clinical trial","volume":"102","author":"Broch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B56","first-page":"512","article-title":"Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in acute, severe mitral regurgitation: experience in 42 consecutive patients entering the intensive care unit with pulmonary edema","volume":"2","author":"Horstkotte","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)31715-1","article-title":"Vasodilator therapy of pump failure complicating acute myocardial infarction","volume":"63","author":"Massie","year":"1979","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.07.023","article-title":"Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on mitral regurgitation severity, left ventricular size, and functional capacity","volume":"150","author":"Harris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01433-8","article-title":"Effect of losartan on degree of mitral regurgitation quantified by echocardiography","volume":"87","author":"Dujardin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00325-7","article-title":"Effect of enalapril therapy on left ventricular mass and volumes in asymptomatic chronic, severe mitral regurgitation secondary to mitral valve prolapse","volume":"82","author":"Tischler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B61","first-page":"197","article-title":"Six month pilot study of captopril for mildly symptomatic, severe isolated mitral and isolated aortic regurgitation","volume":"3","author":"Wisenbaugh","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00236-8","article-title":"Effects of afterload reduction on vena contracta width in mitral regurgitation","volume":"32","author":"Kizilbash","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.04.029","article-title":"A randomized controlled phase IIb trial of \u03b21-receptor blockade for chronic degenerative mitral regurgitation","volume":"60","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061693","article-title":"Association between sacubitril\/valsartan initiation and mitral regurgitation severity in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the PROVE-HF study","volume":"146","author":"Januzzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1806640","article-title":"Transcatheter mitral-valve repair in patients with heart failure","volume":"379","author":"Stone","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2300213","article-title":"Five-year follow-up after transcatheter repair of secondary mitral regurgitation","volume":"388","author":"Stone","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2314328","article-title":"Transcatheter valve repair in heart failure with moderate to severe mitral regurgitation","volume":"391","author":"Anker","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1805374","article-title":"Percutaneous repair or medical treatment for secondary mitral regurgitation","volume":"379","author":"Obadia","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.11.006","article-title":"Proportionate and disproportionate functional mitral regurgitation: a new conceptual framework that reconciles the results of the MITRA-FR and COAPT trials","volume":"12","author":"Grayburn","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1177\/30494826251344846","article-title":"Mitral valve remodeling in response to atrial and ventricular changes: mechanisms and clinical implications for functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"2","author":"Houle","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Soc"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.10.2573","article-title":"Effects of long-term enalapril therapy on cardiac structure and function in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Results of the SOLVD echocardiography substudy","volume":"91","author":"Greenberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02063-6","article-title":"Valsartan benefits left ventricular structure and function in heart failure: val-HeFT echocardiographic study","volume":"40","author":"Wong","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.72.1.63","article-title":"Effect of captopril on functional mitral regurgitation in dilated heart failure: a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Seneviratne","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00623-7","article-title":"Effects of high-dose lisinopril-isosorbide dinitrate on severe mitral regurgitation and heart failure remodeling","volume":"82","author":"Levine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00059-4","article-title":"Effects of carvedilol on left ventricular mass, chamber geometry, and mitral regurgitation in chronic heart failure","volume":"83","author":"Lowes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(03)00105-3","article-title":"Increased exercise ejection fraction and reversed remodeling after long-term treatment with metoprolol in congestive heart failure: a randomized, stratified, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in mild to moderate heart failure due to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"5","author":"Waagstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409077","article-title":"Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure","volume":"371","author":"McMurray","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037077","article-title":"Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor for functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"139","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.906909","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effect of aldosterone antagonism with eplerenone on ventricular remodeling in patients with mild-to-moderate heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction","volume":"3","author":"Udelson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01429-5","article-title":"SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure: a comprehensive meta-analysis of five randomised controlled trials","volume":"400","author":"Vaduganathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.6827","article-title":"Associations of empagliflozin with left ventricular volumes, mass, and function in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a substudy of the empire HF randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Omar","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052186","article-title":"Effect of empagliflozin on left ventricular volumes in patients with type 2 diabetes, or prediabetes, and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (SUGAR-DM-HF)","volume":"143","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.008","article-title":"Randomized trial of empagliflozin in nondiabetic patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"77","author":"Santos-Gallego","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.069144","article-title":"Ertugliflozin for functional mitral regurgitation associated with heart failure: EFFORT trial","volume":"149","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2866","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15296","article-title":"Dapagliflozin effect on functional mitral regurgitation and myocardial remodelling: the DEFORM trial","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.08.016","article-title":"Atrial functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"15","author":"Zoghbi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002180","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2022-002180","article-title":"Atrial functional mitral regurgitation: prevalence, characteristics and outcomes from the National Echo Database of Australia","volume":"10","author":"Moonen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61227-6","article-title":"The angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor LCZ696 in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a phase 2 double-blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"380","author":"Solomon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.08.021","article-title":"Effect of semaglutide on cardiac structure and function in patients with obesity-related heart failure","volume":"84","author":"Solomon","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13896","article-title":"Influence of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation on atrial and ventricular functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"9","author":"Masuda","year":"2022","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3668","article-title":"The interaction between atrial fibrillation and mitral regurgitation: insights from the CABANA randomized clinical trial","volume":"27","author":"Dhont","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e337","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000921","article-title":"Contemporary diagnosis and management of rheumatic heart disease: implications for closing the gap: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"142","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B93","first-page":"297","article-title":"Beneficial effects of long-term metoprolol therapy on cardiac haemodynamics in patients with mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm\u2013a randomised clinical trial","volume":"46","author":"Kumar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.022","article-title":"Metoprolol vs ivabradine in patients with mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm","volume":"221","author":"Agrawal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2012.01.001","article-title":"Effect of ivabradine vs atenolol on heart rate and effort tolerance in patients with mild to moderate mitral stenosis and normal sinus rhythm","volume":"18","author":"Parakh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000222","article-title":"Effect of ivabradine on heart rate and duration of exercise in patients with mild-to-moderate mitral stenosis: a randomized comparison with metoprolol","volume":"65","author":"Saggu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.07.011","article-title":"Mechanisms of effort intolerance in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis: combined echocardiography and cardiopulmonary stress protocol","volume":"10","author":"Laufer-Perl","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.10.015","article-title":"Contemporary etiologies, outcomes, and novel risk score for isolated tricuspid regurgitation","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e032999","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.032999","article-title":"Tricuspid regurgitation: a review of current interventional management","volume":"13","author":"Ambrosino","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.02.026","article-title":"Effect of ventricular pacing lead position on tricuspid regurgitation: a randomized prospective trial","volume":"15","author":"Schleifer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/ehaa946.0067","article-title":"Restoration of normal sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation: impact of reverse remodelling of right chambers on tricuspid regurgitation severity","volume":"41","author":"Soulat-Dufour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031300570406400_ehaf1079-B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae082","article-title":"Transcatheter treatment of the tricuspid valve: current status and perspectives","volume":"45","author":"Maisano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article-pdf\/47\/11\/1282\/66394964\/ehaf1079.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article-pdf\/47\/11\/1282\/66394964\/ehaf1079.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T04:57:09Z","timestamp":1773377829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article\/47\/11\/1282\/8424138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf1079","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-668X","1522-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-668X","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-9645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]}}}