{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T02:18:15Z","timestamp":1790561895012,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"28","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010890","name":"Chinese Government Scholarship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201906380148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201906380148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005039","name":"Leiden University Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005039","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epidemiology of pulmonary embolism (PE) may have shifted since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to describe temporal trends in PE epidemiology in the Netherlands since 2015.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using nationwide data from Statistics Netherlands, all Dutch inhabitants (&amp;gt;16 million) without a history of PE were dynamically identified on 1 January of each year to assemble eight cohorts of PE-free Dutch inhabitants in 2015\u201322. They were individually followed until the end of that respective year to determine 1-year risk of PE (identified by hospital diagnoses\/primary cause of death) and establish relevant risk factors. The PE cases were subsequently studied to determine 1-year all-cause mortality following PE. Multivariable logistic regression with cluster-robust standard errors and robust Poisson regression were respectively employed to evaluate relative differences in PE incidence and mortality between years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pulmonary embolism incidence in the Dutch population decreased from 2015 to 2019 but markedly increased by 23% (95% confidence interval 20%\u201326%), 52% (48%\u201356%), and 7% (4%\u20139%) in 2020\u201322 (vs. 2019), respectively. Most traditional PE risk factors remained associated with PE in 2020\u201322 but generally with a weaker association. Pulmonary embolism mortality was stable until 2019 but then increased by 10% (6%\u201314%) in 2020 and 9% (6%\u201313%) in 2021, while the increase [2% (\u22121% to 6%)] was insignificant in 2022. The above-mentioned changes since 2020 were generally greater in males than females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The seemingly favourable pre-pandemic temporal trends in PE epidemiology in the Netherlands reversed during the COVID-19 pandemic but appear to revert to pre-pandemic levels after 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T16:29:36Z","timestamp":1743611376000},"page":"2809-2821","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Incidence, risk factors, and mortality of pulmonary embolism in the Netherlands (2015\u201322): sex differences and shifts during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9669-0007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingui","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9201-401X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nienke","family":"van Rein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5282-5520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luuk J J","family":"Scheres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9458-8674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva K","family":"Kempers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2025-1734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chantal","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0265-4871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marieke J H A","family":"Kruip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4707-2303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne C","family":"Cannegieter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden ,","place":["The 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